Contents Introduction Markets OLED Structures Technology Fabrication Process Evaluation (Microstructure & etc) Summary

Introduction [Merit of Rigid OLED Display] Cheap product cost Foldable Rollable [Merit of Rigid OLED Display] Cheap product cost Mass production Free size & Large area display [OLED Display : Rigid  Flexible ] Light & unbreakable materials Easy to handle (folding & rolling) Free shape (rounding type)

Introduction Curved & Bendable Foldable & Rollable Stretchable Terms Simple structure Large area shaping Periodically transformation Easy displacement Random change Bio-medical insertion Applications Exclusive design Increased visible immersion High reslolution High portability Unlimit from phone to tablet Simple installation (rollable) Realized free form-factor Multi-folding Customized display Benefits

Market size of foldable phone Market trends of Display Type Galaxy X series : 8.94 inch out-folding type Huawei Mate X : 8.4 inch 4K in-folding type (dual display, fingerprint) Apple : plastic display (under testing) Y2016 ~ Launch to Curved (LG signature TV) Y2020 ~ Dominant market to Foldable Display (12 ~ 14 inch Tablet) Y2025 ~ established to Rollable Display (Signage & Public Display) Rollable Foldable (Citation : HIS Market 2016)

Flexible OLED Structure Encapsulation Barrier Film WOLED + MOx TFT Flexible Color Filter Touch Film Substrate (PI Film) Cover Plastic Carrier Film FEM Front Glass OLED (RGB) Color Filter Oxide TFT Cover Plastic Back Glass Protection layer Sputter layer Monomer layer Sputter layer Film Substrate Anti-reflection [Requirements of Products] Degrees of Water vapor transport ratio as same as glass(OLED+O2 = Degradation) : 10-4 ~ 10-6 g∙cm/day Degrees of transmittance as same as glass : PET 90% ↑, COP 92% ↑ Degrees of Anti-reflection ratio : reflectance 1.0% ↓

Flexible OLED Process PET Adhesive (weak) Barrier Encapsulation OLED Curl protection films before lift off glass 188 micro PET film 3 ~ 10 g adhesive properties Barrier Encapsulation Glass Polyimide Oxide TFT OLED weak to attack from water vapor or oxygen PC, COP or PET film SiO2 ITO Enhanced barrier properties after glass remove Transparent EMI shield properties Properly adhesiveness between PI and ITO layer

Key Technology ▶ Main : SIO2 and other various oxides sputtering of single or mulyi-layer using plasma & vacuum technology ▶ Key technology : Low temperature sputtering (Polymer Film base) Gas distribution system (Optical & electrical properties decides) Detail thickness Uniformity Controls (Max 1,600mm width within 3%) Roll to Roll tension control (minimize film damage ) Adhesion promotion between substrate film and coating layer Optical design and simulation technology by Mclaud [R2R sputter system]

Key process Conventional Process FEM Process Repeat Vacuum Vacuum Coating Drying Repeat Sputter target Vacuum wet Inclusion Defect Scratch Sputter target Sputter target Under coating PET film Oxide/Nitride monomer Vacuum Cover coat

High Barrier structure Over-all Structure PET Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 H/C Layer 5

Competitor Barrier Film High Barrier Structure FEM Inorg./Org./Inorg. Competitor Barrier Film Structure (SEM) OTR* (cc/㎡day) below 5 X 10-5 5 X 10-3 WVTR* (g/㎡day) 5 X 10-4 5 X 10-2 K-PET (12.5㎛) AL foil (7㎛) Ny (25㎛) LLDPE (50㎛) PET(12㎛)+Al(30㎚) LLDPE (50㎛) * OTR (Oxygen Transmission Rate), WVTR (Water Vapour Transmission Rate)

Reliability Test Results Spikes : plastic & handling Scratches : handling Pits – arcing, possible contamination of plastics Barrier cracking : local adhesion issues (pre-contamination

Structure of multi-functional barrier encapsulation films Functional Layers for Flexible OLED PET Oxide layer Nanostructured oxide oxide multi layer barrier film polymer A R T O U C H S B E I Out Structure of multi-functional barrier encapsulation films Transparent Flexible OLED (under development) Permeation barrier degree : 10-2~10-5 g/m2/day (encapsulation properties) Silver nanowire type capacitive touch panel systems with COP substrates Anti-reflection layers by multi-layer sputter coating (5 or 7-layers) T: 94.5%, R: 0.13%, Haze 0.65% (substrates : PET) Additional anti-finger, anti-smuggles or anti-corrosion coatings

Water or Oxygen transportation mechanism Permeation Blocking Mechanism Water or Oxygen transportation mechanism Environmental Test Water penetration Monomer Wet coating Inorganic Competitor FEM <Competitor> <FEM> Vacuum coating Inorganic monomer Inorganic 50 nm

Slide Header Optical properties PET PC/PMMA COP T (%) 90.2 89.46 91.6 96.1 95.77 96.6 a* -0.02 -0.01 0.01 b* 0.26 0.49 0.13 Haze 0.46 0.14 0.32 R R (%) 9.41 10.93 9.21 36.7 39.46 36.3 -0.78 -0.5 -0.49 0.43 -1.7 -0.7 WVTR (g/m2·day) OTR (g/m2·day) PET 5.6 14.1 PC/PMMA 4.2 13.6 COP 2.1 12.0

Barrier Properties

Slide Header Flexibility & Mechanical properties Bending Axis ITO Film ITO Film Bending/Rolling Axis Tensile strength : 231 MPa Elongation : 65 % Tensile strength : 159.3 MPa Elongation : 82 %

Inorganic layer Configuration Thickness Control od Silicone Oxide for low surface roughness < SiOx (1) > < SiOx (2) > < SiOx (3) > Optical Properties of Silicone Oxide Sample No. SiOx (1) SiOx (2) SiOx (3) 투 과 율 T (%) 90.04 90.77 89.15 L* 96.01 96.32 95.64 a* 0.49 1.07 0.91 b* 0.41 1.22 2.33 반 사 율 R (%) 10.45 9.57 9.86 38.64 37.06 37.6 -2.51 -5.49 -5.39 1.57 -0.5 2.74

Surface roughness Surface Characteristics : Normal Surface Characteristics : After Treatment

Summary 1. Roll-to-Roll coating Barrier Film by 500 mm wet & dry coating systems - Formation of Inorganic / Organic / Inorganic multi-layer with vacuum conditions - Surface roughness control and hydrophilic multi-layer condition of substrate to enhance moisture barrier property 2. Improvement of transmittance and optical characteristics    - Since it is difficult to secure the optical characteristics as a basic process, it is possible to lower the reflectance      Improved transmittance and other optical properties by coating the optical control layer on the opposite side of the barrier film    - Developed non-yellowish barrier film by improving colors such as a * and b * 3. Development of multi-layer process technology    - Monolayer high density thin film conditions to replace common wet organic coatings    - Development of facility concept to coat wet and dry on-line at one time    - Establishment of process to impregnate nano-particles finally after implementing multilayer film by dry process