Canada Moves West SS9 Chapter Nine

Exploration of the Interior Exploration and mapping is an important contribution of fur traders

Exploration of the Interior Alexander Mackenzie 1798-1793 The first European to travel to the West Coast of Canada by means of the interior, following the Fraser River (which Mackenzie believed to be the Columbia!)

Exploration of the Interior Rapids near the end make voyage difficult Arrives at Bella Coola in 1793; an established community already trading with European ships Findings aren’t immediately useful—not an easy sea route

Exploration of the Interior Simon Fraser 1805-1808 Establishes forts in in BC (Fort McLeod, Fort Fraser, Fort St. James and Fort George: New Caledonia)

Exploration of the Interior Also travels the Fraser, thinking it is the Columbia, and is disappointed by the challenging route Aboriginal groups are not pleased to see him

Exploration of the Interior David Thompson 1797-1810 Talented map-maker Starts off with the HBC but is unimpressed with employer and joins NWC

Exploration of the Interior Surveys and maps Canada, including Canada-US border Commissioned to find the mouth of the Columbia River and establish a Fort their before the Americans.

Exploration of the Interior He is successful in finding and mapping the river, but when the mouth is reached he discovers that the Americans have beaten him by two months and already have a fort there!

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: West Coast First Nation societies were powerful, well-organized societies and demanded much respect from the Europeans Maquinna, a Nu-chal’-nath leader was known for killing entire crew of ships which offended him

Exploration of the Pacific Coast:

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Juan Perez 1774 Spanish explorers want to explore North of Mexico 1774: Perez travels to the Queen Charlotte Islands and trades with the Haida, but doesn’t claim for Spain

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Bodega Y Quadra 1775-1779 1775 and 1779: Gets as far as Alaska

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Vitrus Bering 1725 A Danish explorer commissioned by Russian Tsar, Peter the Great Explores the North Pacific and Bering Strait

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Lands in Alaska and trades with Aleut people and discovers valuable resource of sea otter pelts

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Captain James Cook 1778 Good British Captain who takes proper care of his sailors

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Travels around the globe, discovers Antarctica, and proves that the Northwest Passage doesn’t exist

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: 1778: Arrives in Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island and trades with the people there before continuing South to Hawaii were he is killed

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: George Vancouver 1792-1798 Former officer of Cook Britain sends to strengthen their claim of the Northwest Coast

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Arrives in Burrard Inlet in 1792 to find Spanish . ships already there. These crews agree to work together to chart the area, and eventually the Spanish give up their claim on area

Exploration of the Pacific Coast: Vancouver makes wonderful maps and also takes good care of his sailors; he dies of exhaustion at age 40 (1798)