Numerical study of volcanic plume height in Pinatubo 1991 eruption

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Presentation transcript:

Numerical study of volcanic plume height in Pinatubo 1991 eruption Yanqing Su EAS/CEE 6792 Term Project

Volcanic eruptions VEI Eruption Style Figure sources: 1, http://plutons.science.oregonstate.edu/supervolcano 2, http://homepages.neiu.edu/~jmhemzac/courses/121S15_5.html

Volcanic plume Multiphase mixture of particles and gas Non zero mass and momentum flow rate Initial density is much higher than the surroundings Carey, S., and R. S. J. Sparks (1986)

Model Mass Degruyter, W., and C. Bonadonna (2012) axial radial Momentum Heat flow rate 0.1315 [Morton et al. 1956] 0.1~0.15 [Carazzo et al., 2008] 0.09 [Woods, 1998]

Several different factors No condensation Va: T0=1000;u0=300;w%=0.03;vent width=150; Vent Width: T0=1000;u0=300;w%=0.03;Va=reanalysis T0: vent width=150;u0=300;w%=0.03;Va=reanalysis

Several different factors No condensation Va: T0=1000;u0=300;w%=0.03;vent width=150; Vent Width: T0=1000;u0=300;w%=0.03;Va=reanalysis T0: vent width=150;u0=300;w%=0.03;Va=reanalysis

Two historical eruptions Krakatoa 26/08/1883 Pinatubo 15/06/1991 VEI: 6 Ash cloud of 27 km high 18-21 km3 erupted materials Ignimbrite: 1.1 M km2 20 Mt Sulfur 1.2 C decrease in Northern hemisphere VEI: 6 Ash cloud of 24 km high 10 km3 erupted materials Ignimbrite: 0.125 M km2 17 Mt Sulfur 0.5 C decrease in Northern hemisphere 1, Indonesia 2, philipine Figureright, http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs115-97/ Figureleft, Carey, S., H. Sigurdsson, C. Mandeville, and S. Bronto (1996)

Before eruption: 1.745 km After eruption: 1.445 km Caldera Lake: 2 km in diameter Kalnay, E. et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bulletin of the American meteorological Society, 77(3), 437-471.

Zero terminal velocity height: 40.3 km (40 km) Esimated Mass flow rate: 2.09 Mt/s Neutral buoyancy height: 27.2 km (24~26 km)

NCEP Reanalysis Sulfur Dioxide Image Galleries from NASA

Fero, J., S. N. Carey, and J. T. Merrill (2009)

Conclusion Important factors Future work Mass injection rate Atmosphere wind/temperature profile Future work Vent Width Exit velocity Fall out impact Higher dimensions