Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. glencoe.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice

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Evidence for Continental Drift Image Bank Evidence for Continental Drift

Image Bank Pangaea

Image Bank Fossil Clues

Appalachian Mountains Image Bank Appalachian Mountains

How could continents drift? Image Bank How could continents drift?

Image Bank Sonar and Ship

Image Bank Seafloor

Giant Tube Worms in a Hot Water Vent Image Bank Giant Tube Worms in a Hot Water Vent

Image Bank Magnetic Field

Composition of Earth’s Plates Image Bank Composition of Earth’s Plates

Image Bank Map of Moving Plates

Image Bank Earthquake Damage

Where Plates Slide Past Each Other Image Bank Where Plates Slide Past Each Other

Moving Mantle Material Image Bank Moving Mantle Material

Normal Faults and Rift Valleys Image Bank Normal Faults and Rift Valleys

Mountains and Volcanoes Image Bank Mountains and Volcanoes

Testing for Plate Tectonics Image Bank Testing for Plate Tectonics

Foldables Plate Tectonics Make the following Foldable to help identify what you already know, and what you learned about plate tectonics.

Foldables Fold a vertical sheet of paper from side to side. Make the front edge about 1.25 cm shorter than the back edge.

Turn lengthwise and fold into thirds. Foldables Turn lengthwise and fold into thirds.

Unfold and cut only the layer along both folds to make three tabs. Foldables Unfold and cut only the layer along both folds to make three tabs.

Foldables Label each tab.

Foldables Identify Questions Before you read the chapter, write what you already know about plate tectonics under the left tab of your Foldable, and write questions about what you’d like to know under the center tab. After you read the chapter, list what you learned under the right tab.

Video Clips Click image to view movie

Video Clips Click image to view movie

Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Continental Drift Alfred Wegener suggested that the continents were joined together at some point in the past in a large landmass he called Pangaea. Wegener proposed that continents have moved slowly, over millions of years, to their current locations.

Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Continental Drift The puzzlelike fit of the continents, fossils, climatic evidence, and similar rock structures support Wegener’s idea of continental drift. However, Wegener could not explain what process could cause the movement of the landmasses.

Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Seafloor Spreading Detailed mapping of the ocean floor in the 1950s showed underwater mountains and rift valleys. In the 1960s, Harry Hess suggested seafloor spreading as an explanation for the formation of mid-ocean ridges. The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by magnetic evidence in rocks and by the ages of rocks on the ocean floor.

Theory of Plate Tectonics Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Theory of Plate Tectonics In the 1960s, scientists combined the ideas of continental drift and seafloor spreading to develop the theory of plate tectonics. The theory states that the surface of Earth is broken into sections called plates that move around on the asthenosphere.

Theory of Plate Tectonics Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Theory of Plate Tectonics Currents in Earth’s mantle called convection currents transfer heat in Earth’s interior. It is thought that this transfer of heat energy moves plates. Earth is a dynamic planet. As the plates move, they interact, resulting in many of the features of Earth’s surface.

Chapter Review Question 1 How does the presence of fossils provide support for the hypothesis of continental drift? PS 2.2d

Chapter Review Answer Because fossils of particular species are found on different continents today, it seems more likely that the land areas were once connected and that the organisms traveled great distances and crossed oceans.

Question 2 Which of the following are found at mid-ocean ridges? Chapter Review Question 2 Which of the following are found at mid-ocean ridges? A. compressions B. convergences C. oldest rocks D. youngest rocks PS 2.2h

Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Molten material is forced upward at the ridges, flows sideways and cools, forming new rocks.

Chapter Review Question 3 What is the theory that combines continental drift and seafloor spreading? PS 2.2e

Chapter Review Answer The theory of plate tectonics, which states that Earth’s crust and part of the mantle are broken into sections and move on a layer of the mantle, explains how the continents and seafloor could be moving.

Chapter Review Question 4 If plates are moving in opposite directions or the same direction at different rates, what type of boundary is formed? A. convergent B. divergent C. subduction D. transform PS 2.2f

Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. At transform boundaries, plates move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different rates.

Question 5 What is thought to be the driving force of plate tectonics? Chapter Review Question 5 What is thought to be the driving force of plate tectonics? PS 2.2a

Chapter Review Answer Scientists now think that convection currents in Earth’s mantle cause the plates to move.

Question 1 What process is illustrated by the diagram? Standardized Test Practice Question 1 What process is illustrated by the diagram? PS 2.2f

A. magnetic field reversal B. plate convergence C. seafloor spreading Standardized Test Practice A. magnetic field reversal B. plate convergence C. seafloor spreading D. subduction PS 2.2f

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. As the seafloor spreads apart at a mid-ocean ridge, new seafloor is created.

Standardized Test Practice Question 2 What do the magnetic field reversals along mid-ocean ridges show? PS 2.2h

A. An earthquake is imminent. Standardized Test Practice A. An earthquake is imminent. B. Magnetite levels are higher than normal. C. New rock is being formed at the ridge. D. The asthenosphere is a plasticlike layer. PS 2.2h

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. Whenever Earth’s magnetic field reverses, newly forming iron minerals record the magnetic reversal.

Question 3 Which type of plate boundary is shown in this diagram? Standardized Test Practice Question 3 Which type of plate boundary is shown in this diagram? A. convergent B. divergent C. reverse D. transform PS 2.2f

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. Transform boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another.

Question 4 What is represented by A? Standardized Test Practice PS 2.2d

B. continental convection C. Pangaea D. present day Earth Standardized Test Practice A. asthenosphere B. continental convection C. Pangaea D. present day Earth PS 2.2d

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. This position indicates where the continents would have been 250 million years ago, before they separated.

Question 5 Between which two plates is there a transform boundary? Standardized Test Practice Question 5 Between which two plates is there a transform boundary? PS 2.2f

A. African and South American B. Antarctic and Pacific Standardized Test Practice A. African and South American B. Antarctic and Pacific C. North American and Eurasian D. Nazca and Pacific PS 2.2f

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Transform boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another

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