Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane (w) T.Y.BSc SEMESTER IV BOTANY PAPER II UNIT: IV POLLEN PROTEINS & ALLERGENS By Mr. Swapnil Kadam Department of Botany Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane (w)

Topics:-Palynology Pollen proteins and allergens

What is allergy? The word ‘allergy’ is very much popular to us which is derived from two greek words : allos(means different or changed) and ergos(means work or action). The layman usually uses the word to mean intolerence.

Pollen Morphology Pollen has two layers which are Intine & Exine contains considerable amount of protein. The intine protein are present in the form of Radially arranged Tubules or Tangentially arranged Leaflets, They are generally concentrated near the Germ Pore. The Exine Proteins are present in the Cavities Between Bacular in the Tectate Grain or in a surface Depression in the Non-Tectate Grains.

Pollen Proteins A Part of these protein are enzymes mostly Hydrolytic Enzymes such as estrace acid, Phosphatase, Amylase & Ribonuclease. The Protein Resposnsible for allergy is also present in the pollen wall.

Origin of Wall Proteins:- J. Harison & his Associated have worke out the detailed of origin of wall proteins in several plants:- It is clear that intine proteins are the proteins of the pollen grains. The exine proteins originated in the cell of Near by Tapetum, a Sporophytic tissues. Therefore, the Exine Protein are the product of sporophytic Tapetum.

Pollen allergy The presence of allergic proteins & glycoproteins in the wind borne. Pollen types leads to the first Immuno Cyto chemical studies of flowering plants & Antigens carried out on pollen with the aim of locating the sight of allergens in the pollen grains. Immunocytological studies have Revealed that the Rag used responsible for Hey-Fever is located in the outerwall of pollen Grains. The most important antigens are protein with high molecular weight but most glycoprotein, Nucleic Acid, and even Polyssacharides can have Immunogenic Properties under certain conditions.

Allergens:- Basic Properties of allergence are:- Foreign in Nature Molecular Size Antigenic Determinants & Cross activity Molecular Rigidity & Complexicity Genetic Factor in the Indivitual

Pollination Mechanisms:- The term “Polliniis” has been used to indicate the disorder of hey fever or asthma caused by pollen grains. The chief function of pollen is to fertilise the ovules & it helps to prouce seeds. Fertilizations is effected by transfer of grains from the anther to the stigma through the agency of the wind, water, or animals (insects, birds, & small mammals). It is chiefly the wind borne pollen grains that have a bearing in pollinosis, because they, more easily come into contact with the hypersensitive tissues of human beings, then the other types of the pollen. It has been observed in a few instance that pollen from entomophilous plant like carcia papaya and argemone Mexicana produce symptoms of pollionsis in patient.

Factors influency pollen dispersal:- 1.Rain 2. Wind 3. Humidity 4. Temperature 5. Sunshine 6. Pollen morphology

Season of pollinosis 1. From middle of august to middle of November(late rainy season & autumn) during which time, chiefly the wee and grasses produces pollen. 2. From idle of feb to end of april (spring & early summer) during which time, chiefely the trees & some weeds shed their pollen.

Some Species pollen grains affect as allergy:- Grasses:- Sorghum vulgare Jowar Cynodon dactylon Doob Weed:- Chenopodium album Jungli bathua Cyprus rotundus Motha Trees:- Azardica indica Neem Terminalia arjuna Arjun  

Thank You