LAN 405 Beginning Hebrew II *Photo from https://www.flickr.com/photos/58558794@N07/7628799526/in/photostream/ Class VI: Niphal – Strong Verbs (ch. 24) Dr. Esa Autero

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs 1.1 Introduction to Niphal stem All Qal verbs = 69% of all verb forms Next step is derived stems Niphal stem – the meaning Simple action in passive or reflexive voice Often what verb means in Qal becomes passive or reflexive in Niphal שָׁמַע “he heard” in Qal while נִשְׁמַע “he was heard” or “he heard himself” in Niphal Sometimes Niphal also expresses reciprocal action נִשְׁמְאוּ “they heard one another” The name “Niphal” (נִפְעַל) as a memory aid with a נ prefix Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjfnjy/5248545727/in/photostream/

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs The conjugations of the Niphal Stem נ prefix in every form Perfect, participle, and inf. abs.(-a)  נ prefix explicitly present Imperfect, imperative, and inf. cnst., and inf. abs. (-b)  נprefix assimilates and only shows as a Daghesh Forte Niphal paradigms need not be memorized  Memorize diagnostic points of the spelling Niph perfect נִקְטַל Niph imperfect יִקָּטֵל

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Qal Niphal Translation 3ms קָטַל נִקְטַל he was killed 3fs קָֽטְלָה נִקְטְלָה She was killed 2ms קָטַלְתָּ נִקְטַלְתָּ You were killed 2fs קָטַלְתְּ נִקְטַלְתְּ 1cs קָטַלְתִּי נִקְטַלְתִי I was killed 3cp קָֽטְלוּ נִקְטְלוּ They were killed 2mp קְטַלְתֶּם נִקְטַלְתֶּם 2fp קְטַלְתֶּן נִקְטַלְתֶּן 1cp קָטַלְנוּ נִקְטַלְנוּ We were killed Niphal perfect Nun prefix Pathach stem vowel (except 3fs, 3cp) Perfect does not present difficulties in identifying Niphap

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Qal Niphal Translation 3ms יִקְטֹל יִקָּטֵל He will be killed 3fs תִּקְטֹל תִּקָּטֵל She will be killed 2ms תִּקְטֹל You will be killed 2fs תִּקְטְלִי תִּקָּֽטְלִי 1cs אֶקְטֹל אֶקָּטֵל I will be killed 3mp יִקְטְלוּ יִקָּטְלוּ They will be killed 3fp תִּקְטֹלנָה תִּקָּטַלְנָה 2mp תִּקְטְלוּ תִּקָּטְלוּ 2fp 1cp נִקְטֹל נִקָּטֵל We will be killed Niphal imperfect Hireq preformative on all excep 1cs Daghesh Forte on 1st root consonant Qamets on 1st root consonant in every form!!

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs הִקָּטֵל Niphal Imperative & Infinitive construct Formed w/ הִ prefix, assimilated נ, and imperative sufformatives Niphal inf. cstr. Imp.ms & inf. cstr. identical  הִקָּטֵל הִ prefix on every form Daghesh forte (assimilation) Qamets on 1st root consonant Qal Niphal Translation 2ms קְטֹל הִקָּטֵל be killed 2fs קִטְלִי הִקָּֽטְלִי 2mp קִטְלוּ הִקָּֽטְלוּ 2fp קְטֹלְנָה הִקָּטַלְנָה

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Niphal Infinitive Absolute Two forms of Niphal infinitive absolute First preserves the נ prefix Second has the נ prefix +assimilation Niphal inf. abs. only 37x in HB. Two forms equally attested Holem may be written defectively Qal Niphal קָטוֹל נִקְטוֹל ־ הִקָּטוֹל נִקְטוֹל הִקָּטוֹל

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Niphal Participle נ prefix in all forms Qamets stem vowel in all forms except one feminine Qal Niphal Translation ms קֹטֵל נִקְטָל being killed fs קֹטֶלֶת נִקְטֶלֶת mp קֹטְלִים נִקְטָלִים fp קֹטְלוֹת נִקְטָלוֹת נִקְטָל

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Niphal Stem – Strong Verb Summary Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive construct Infinitive absolute Participle נִקְטַל יִקָּטֵל הִקָּטֵל נִקְטוֹל הִקָּטוֹל נִקְטָל

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Practice Workbook p. 191, no: 2-6 p. 193, no: 1-6 Homework Workbook: “Bible Translation”, p. 181, no: 1-3 & p. 194, no: 1-4 Quizz IV on vocabularies, chs. 22, 24 *Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjfnjy/5248545727/in/photostream/