LAN 405 Beginning Hebrew II *Photo from https://www.flickr.com/photos/58558794@N07/7628799526/in/photostream/ Class VII: Niphal – Weak Verbs (ch. 25) Dr. Esa Autero

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs 1.1 Niphal stem – Strong Verb paradigm; review Memorize the diagnostic features of Niphal verb Meaning of Niphal Passive – “He was killed” Reflexive – “He killed himself” (Reciprocal) – “They killed one another” The name “Niphal” (נִפְעַל) as a memory aid with a נ prefix Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive construct Infinitive absolute Participle נִקְטַל יִקָּטֵל הִקָּטֵל נִקְטוֹל הִקָּטוֹל נִקְטָל

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs Perfect Imperfect Imperative Inf.Cst. Inf.Abs. Participle נִמְצָא יִמָּצֵא הִמָּצֵא נִמְצוֹא נִמְצְאָה תִּמָּצֵא הִמָּֽצְאִי נִמְצָאָה נִמְצֵ֫אתָ הִמָּֽצְאוּ נִמְצָאִים נִמְצֵאת תִּמָּֽצְאִי הִמָּצֶ֫אנָה נִמְצָאוֹת נִמְצֵ֫אתִי אֶמָּצֵא 1) Identical diagnostic in impf., imp., inf. cst, and inf. abs. Main changes in PERFECT and PARTICIPLE 2) נִ prefix remains in perfect and participle PERFECT stem vowel changed to Qamets (from pathach) or Tsere נִמְצְאוּ יִמָּֽצְאוּ נִמְצֵאתֶם תִּמָּצֶ֫אנָה נִמְצֵאתֶן תִּמָּֽצְאוּ נִמְצֵ֫אנוּ III-א נִמָּצֵא Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs All Qal verbs = 69%

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs Perfect Imperfect Imperative Inf.Cst. Inf.Abs. Participle נִבְנָה נִבְנֵ֫תָ יִבָּנֶה הִבָּנֵה הִבָּנוֹת נִבְנֹה נִבְנֶה תִּבָּנֶה הִבָּנִי III-ה נִבְנְתָה הִבָּנוּ נִבְנִים נִבְנֵיתָ תִּבָּנִי הִבָּנֶ֫נָה נִבְנוּת נִבְנֵית אֶבָּנֶה Identical diagnostic in impf., imp., inf. cst, and inf. abs. Main changes in PERFECT and PARTICIPLE PERFECT stem vowel varies b/w Qamets (3ms) & Tsere-Yod (rest except 3fs & 3cp) Also, remember the unusual III-ה endings (vowel letters) נִבְנֵ֫יתִי יִבָּנוּ נִבְנוּ תִּבָּנֶ֫ינָה נִבְנֵיתֶם תִּבָּנוּ נִבְנֵיתֶן נִבְנֵ֫ינוּ נִבָּנֶה Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs All Qal verbs = 69%

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs Perfect Imperfect Imperative Inf.Cst. Inf.Abs. Participle נֶעֱזַב יֵעָזֵב הֵעָזֵב נַעֲזוֹב הֵעָזוֹב נֶעֱזָב נֶעֱזְבָה תֵּעָזֵב הֵעָֽזְבִי נֶעֱזֶ֫בֶת נֶעֱזַ֫בְתָּ הֵעָֽזְבוּ נֶעֱזָבִים נֶעֱזַבְתְּ תֵּעָֽזְבִי הֵעָזַ֫בְנָה נֶעֱזָבוֹת נֶעֱזַ֫בְתִי אֵעָזֵב Where theנִ prefix normally assimilates, the guttural rejects Daghesh Forte  compensatory lengthening of the prefix vowel Hireq to Tsere. Note also the diagnostic Qamets on most conjugations (impf, imp, inf cst, one form of inf abs.) נֶעֱזְבוּ יֵעָֽזְבוּ נֶעֱזַבְתֶּם תֵּעָזַ֫בְנָה נֶעֱזַבְתֶּן תֵּעָֽזְבוּ נֶעֱזַ֫בְנוּ I-Gutt. נֵעָזֵב Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs All Qal verbs = 69%

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs Perfect Imperfect Imperative Inf.Cst. Inf.Abs. Participle נִצַּל יִנָּצֵל הִנָּצֵל נִצּוֹל נִצָּל נִצְּלָה תִּנָּצֵל הִנָּֽצְלִי נִצֶּ֫לֶת נִצַּלְתָּ הִנָּֽצְלוּ נִצָּלִים נִצַּלְתְּ תִּנָּֽצְלִי הִנָּצַ֫לְנָה נִצָּלוֹת נִצַּלְתִּי אֶנָּצֵל All basic diagnostic features for Niphal retained Assimilation of the נ to the first consonant in perfect, participle, and one form of inf. cst. Verbal root נis retained in impf, imp, inf cst, and inf abs and the Niphal stem has assimilated. נִצְּלוּ יִנָּֽצְלוּ נִצַּלְתֶּם תִּנָּצַ֫לְנָה נִצַּלְתֶּן תִּנָּֽצְלוּ נִצַּלְנוּ I-נ נִנָּצֵל Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs All Qal verbs = 69% *To be delivered (Niph.)

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs Perfect Imperfect Imperative Inf.Cst. Inf.Abs. Participle נוֹשַׁב יִוָּשֵׁב הִוָּשֵׁב ־ נוֹשָׁב נוֹשְׁבָה תִּוָּשֵׁב הִוָּֽשְׁבִי נוֹשֶׁ֫בֶת נוֹשַׁ֫בְתָּ הִוָּשְׁבוּ נוֹשָׁבִים נוֹשַׁבְתְּ תִּוָּֽשְׁבִי הִוָּשַׁ֫בְנָה נוֹשָׁבוֹת נוֹשַׁבְתִּי אִוָּשֵׁב Most I-י verbs originally I-ו verbs  original ו reappears in Niph stem and replaces yod that is in the first root position. In impf, imp, and inf cst, Waw appears with Daghesh Forte – this represents the assimilated of the Niphal stem. In pf and participle forms, the original waw appears as holem waw ( וֹ ). As in other forms, pf. has Pathach and particile Qamets as stem vowel.  Most difficult is recognition of I-י verbs – need to remember that I-י verbs originally I-ו & the original waw reappears. נוֹשְׁבוּ יִוָּֽשְׁבוּ נוֹשַׁבְתֶּם תִּוָּשַׁ֫בְנָה נוֹשַׁבְתֶּן תִּוָּשְׁבוּ נוֹשַׁ֫בְנוּ I-י נִוָּשֵׁב Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs All Qal verbs = 69%

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs See summary chart on p. 306  Important to remember diagnostic features!

Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs Practice Workbook p. 197, no: 1-5 p. 205, no: 1-5 pp. 198, 206, 1-5 (if time) Homework Workbook: “Bible Translation”, p. 200, no: 1-3 & p. 208, no: 1-3 Quizz V on vocabulary, ch. 25 (pp. 306-307) *Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjfnjy/5248545727/in/photostream/