Taxonomy

Heterotrophs must get energy by eating Autotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food. Heterotrophs must get energy by eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs.

Taxonomy is the division of Biology that deals with the classification and naming of living and extinct organisms

Classification the grouping of information or objects based on similarities.

We only know about a fraction of the organisms that exist or have existed on Earth. Taxonomists give a unique scientific name to each species they know about whether it’s alive today or extinct. The scientific name comes from one of two “dead” languages – Latin or ancient Greek. Why use a dead language?

Devil Cat

Ghost Cat

Mountain Lion

Screaming Cat

Puma

Florida Panther

Cougar

There are at least 50 common names for the animal shown on the previous 7 slides. Common names vary according to region. Soooo……why use a scientific name?

Binomial Nomenclature     a two name system for writing scientific names. The genus name is written first (always Capitalized).     The species name is written second (never capitalized).     Both words are italicized if typed or underlined if hand written. Example: Felis concolor or F. concolor Which is the genus? The species?

The Dichotomous Key A key is a device for easily and quickly identifying an unknown organism. The dichotomous key is the most widely used type in biological sciences. The user is presented with a sequence of choices between two statements, couplets, based on characteristics of the organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of the organism will be revealed.

                                                            

1.   A. one pair of wings B. Two pairs of wings

First began as two kingdoms: Plants and Animals Plants were green and made their own food. Animals depended on other organisms for food and could move around When organisms were discovered that didn’t fit as a plant or an animal, scientists came up with a three kingdom system. Plant, Animal and Euglena Euglena was the kingdom that organisms were put into if they weren't a plant or an animal.

The modern classification system divides all organisms on Earth into 3 domains. Those domains are then broken down into kingdoms. Each kingdom is then broken further.

• Domain Archaea The Three Domains Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya Includes newly discovered cell types Contains 1 kingdom – the Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria Includes other members of old kingdom Monera Has 1 kingdom – the Eubacteria Domain Eukarya Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made up of eukaryotic cells – Protista – Fungi – Animalia – Plantae

We need to know that there are 5 kingdoms and that each of those kingdoms have specific characteristics.

A group at any level is a taxon. The major classification levels, from most general to most specific (several of these have subdivisions) A group at any level is a taxon.

Categories within Kingdoms Kingdoms are divided into groups called phyla Phyla are subdivided into classes Classes are subdivided into orders Orders are subdivided into families Families are divided into genera Genera contain closely related species Species is unique Categories within Kingdoms