Compounding in English and Arabic Presented by : Walaa abo shammalah Yussrah khalaf

Content 1 2 3 Compound in English Compound in Arabic How to teach compound words to your students 3

the components of the compounding words Compound words Compounds are groups of two or more elements treated as a unit. the components of the compounding words Secondary compound Primary compound

Syntactic relation of elements of compound 1 syntactic word groups, e.g. part of speech son-in-low 2 coordination e.g. bread and butter 3 qualifier and noun, e.g. black bird, bluebell 4 adverb and verb, e.g. downpour, outlay 5 adverb and noun, e.g. outpost 6 the firs element may denote the subject, e.g. daybreak 7 the first element denote the object, e.g. bloodshed

Semantic relation of elements of compounds Resemblance Sex Place Time Purpose Semantic compound instrument

Morphological types of compound noun: The solid or closed form In which two usually moderately short words appear together as one, e.g. Makeup, housewife. The hyphenated Form in witch two or more words are connected by a hyphen, e.g. House- builder, salt-and-pepper. The open or spaced form Consisting of newer combinations of usually longer words, such as distance learning, player piano.

Hyphenated Compound adjectives Adjective preceding a noun Round-table Blue-sky An adjective proceeding a noun to which (ed) is added Middle-aged lady Verb preceding an adjective or adverb Feel-good factor A noun, adjective, or adverb preceding a present participle A long-lasting affair Verb preceding a prepositions Stick-on label Stand-by fare Numbers spelled out or as numerous 30-piece band Seven- year boy Compound adjectives with high and low High-level discussion

Compound verb A compound verb is usually composed of a preposition as a modifier and a verb as, overrate, underline, outturn.

English syntax distinguish between Phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs. Consider the following examples: - I held up my hand. - I held up a bank. - I held my hand up. - I held a bank up.

Seven types of prepositional or phrasal verbs: 1- intransitive phrasal verbs (e.g. give in) 2-transitive phrasal verbs (e.g. find out) 3- monotransitive prepositional verbs (e.g. look after) 4-doubly transitive prepositional (e.g. blame [something] on [someone) 5- copular prepositional verbs ( e.g. serve as) 6- monotransitive phrasal-prepositional verbs (e.g. look up to) 7-doubly transitive phrasal- prepositional verbs (e.g. Put [something] down to [someone])

Compound words in Arabic It can be constructed by adding two independent words to form a new word element Compounding in Arabic, as in English , Involves a specialization in meaning . e.g. Rabi ( spring ) + Al umr ( age ) The isolated words which form the compound refer to different meanings, but when they are combined, they form a new form with a different meaning.

Categories of Compounds In Arabic Fusional compound Constructed state Predicative Compound دودة الارض earth worm يوم الحساب doomsday جاكيت جوني John’s jacket Two or more words are fused together without having any relationship . بيت لحم بعلبك حضرموت . تأبط شرا ta ? abbata- Sharran.

Categories of Compounds In Arabic Numbers from 11-19 Numbers 21-99 Compound particles Defective verb احد عشر* اثنا عشر انما *ربما حالما *سيما ما برح * ما زال *ما فتئ واحد وعشرون * اثنان وعشرون

Rhyming Compound A compound word that contains rhyming elements, such as blackjack, fuddy duddy, pooper-scooper. Also in Arabic we have rhyming compound, e.g. هب و دب هرج ومرج

Compound noun in Arabic : Many English compound nouns rendered either original nouns (e.g. Son-in-law (صهر Or by one-word noun (e.g. Onlooker /(متفرج Some rendered in Arabic by the structure N + adj (e.g. The red sea البحر الاحمر( Some are rendered by syntactic structure ( Part of speech (قسم من اقسام الكلام This group of compounds cover the following -proper noun شجرة الدر /shajaratu adur - geographical names دير ياسين / deir yaseen -titles امير المؤمنين / ameer l- momeneen -noun + adj الفيزياء النووية/atomic physics

Compound adjective in Arabic Single word adjective 1 word Trustworthy موثوق adj + adj Dark Blue ازرق غامق Bitter-sweet حلومر Simile /ك/ Red-hot احمر كالحار snow-white أبيض كالثلج adv+adj Ever green دائم الخضرة Ever-ripe زائد النضج N+ Adj e.g. Sea-sick مصاب بدوران البحر

How to teach compound words? Step1: What's this?

So WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE PUT TOGETHER TWO WORDS? Step 2 Basket + ball = basketball Bed + room = bedroom So WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE PUT TOGETHER TWO WORDS? TWO SMALL WORDS CAN BE PUT TOGETHER TO FORM A NEW WORD. THIS NEW WORD IS CALLED COMPOUND WORD.

Step 3 Explain the meaning of the new compound. fire + fighter = firefighter butter + fly = butterfly

Step 4 A COMPOUND WORD Is made up of two words put together to form anew word with different meaning.

Step 5 Newspaper Doghouse Rainbow Snowman Ask the students to give you group of words that has compound words from their memory and knowledge. Newspaper Doghouse Rainbow Snowman

explain what are the forms of compound words: Step 6 explain what are the forms of compound words:

noun + noun bedroom water tank motorcycle printer cartridge noun + verb rainfall haircut train-spotting noun + adverb hanger-on passer-by verb + noun washing machine driving license swimming pool verb + adverb lookout take-off drawback adverb + noun onlooker bystander adjective + verb dry-cleaning public speaking adjective + noun greenhouse software redhead adverb + verb output overthrow upturn input C O M P U N D

Step 7 Shape of compound words Bedroom rainfall greenhouse distance learning player piano. (-) Blue-sky seven-year boy .

Activity 1 1. She was reared by her grandmother. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES CAREFULLY. CHOOSE THE COMPOUND WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE. 1. She was reared by her grandmother. 2. Arnel was in mt class when he complained of headache. 3. The plants at the backyard are starting to have flowers.

Activity 2 Match : Bed Rain Break Class Mail coat room mate man fast

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Thank you walaa yussrah