Write “Road to Revolution Notes- Page 1” at the bottom of your paper.

I. The French and Indian War A. Causes England wanted control of the French fur trade in the Ohio River Valley. France and England went to war in North America in 1754 (Iroquois and English vs. French, Algonquin, and Huron)

Ohio River Valley

George Washington at age 21 Tanacharison- “The Half King”

B. During the war i. Albany 1754: Reps B. During the war i. Albany 1754: Reps. from 12 colonies met to discuss how to defend themselves from French ii. Benjamin Franklin proposed Albany Plan of Union: 1. All the colonies would be united under one government. 2. Colonies rejected idea; plan used for later American governments

Source: This cartoon was drawn by Benjamin Franklin and published in the Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper on May 9, 1754.

Benjamin Franklin Pennsylvania, May 9, 1754 France and England were at war; the colonies rejected Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union The colonies Join, or Die Ben Franklin is a disappointed that the colonies rejected his idea; if the colonies don’t work together, France will take them out more easily; if the colonies come together, they will die; if the colonies join, they will be safe, but if not, you’ll die from the French; many colonies are better than one

7. To persuade the colonies to come together as one government; to persuade people to join together or die; to persuade the people to stick together

C. Effects i. England won in 1763. ii C. Effects i. England won in 1763. ii. Treaty of Paris- England gained all French land east of Mississippi River iii. England passed Proclamation of 1763- banned British settlement west of Appalachian Mtns. iv. Taxes passed on colonists to pay for war and soldiers to protect British land in N. America

II. Taxes and Protests Why did the British begin taxing the colonists? To pay for the French and Indian war and keep British soldiers in the colonies.

Tax: Sugar Act Year: 1764 Description: Taxed sugar and molasses b. The British passed a series of taxes after the French and Indian War: Tax: Sugar Act Year: 1764 Description: Taxed sugar and molasses

Tax: Stamp Act Year: 1765 Description: Colonists had to pay for an official stamp when they bought paper items (legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards)

Tax: Townshend Acts Year: 1767 Description: Taxed paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea.

c. The colonists were against the taxes because: i c. The colonists were against the taxes because: i. The colonists had no representation in the British Parliament (the group of elected representatives who made Britain’s laws). ii. They believed only their colonial governments could tax them.

d. Protests against taxes “No taxation without representation.” Groups that shared ideas and information about British laws and ways to challenge them. 3. People refused to buy British goods. 4. Businesses made less money and the British government collected less taxes.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

5. Violence

2) Samuel Adams created a secret group known as the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, which organized protests against taxes a) Some forms of protest were violent, including tarring and feathering customs agents

6. The Stamp Act was a violation of the colonists’ rights and liberties. 7. The houses were attacked.

Answer the following questions in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper. How are document A and document B similar? How are document A and document B different? Based on the two documents, were the colonists upset by the Stamp Act? Why or why not?

IV. The Boston Massacre a. Due to the protests against the taxes, British troops were sent to Boston to restore order.

b. Many Bostonians saw the presence of British soldiers in Boston as a threat. i. The soldiers and the colonists constantly argued and fought with each other.

c. Date: March 5, 1770 d. Location: King Street, Boston, Massachusetts

e. A colonist and a British soldier were arguing when the soldier struck the colonist f. A group of colonists began surrounding the soldier, throwing snowballs, rocks, and oyster shells at him g. A group of soldiers came to the soldiers’ aid

h. Suddenly, the soldiers fired into the crowd of colonists i h. Suddenly, the soldiers fired into the crowd of colonists i. Five colonists were murdered

i. Eight British soldiers were charged with murder i i. Eight British soldiers were charged with murder i. John Adams (the cousin of Samuel Adams) was hired as their lawyer j. Adams claimed the soldiers were acting in self-defense

k. Six soldiers were found not guilty i k. Six soldiers were found not guilty i. Two soldiers were convicted of murder and sentenced to death 1. The soldiers were spared from death by receiving “benefit of clergy”, which meant that the soldiers had to read a passage from the Bible in order to live 2. The only punishment the soldiers received was getting branded on their thumbs

The picture is an example of propaganda The picture is an example of propaganda. Propaganda is a story that tells only one side of an argument.

IV. The Boston Tea Party Great Britain repealed the Townshend Acts but kept the part of the act that taxes tea. Many merchants smuggled tea without paying a tax on it.

c. Great Britain passed the Tea Act, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonists. i. The British East India Company could sell their tea for lower prices than colonial merchants. ii. Great Britain hoped lower prices for tea would stop smuggling, which would lead to more tax money iii. Merchants feared the Tea Act would put them out of business.

d. Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India Company arrived in Boston Harbor. e. The Sons of Liberty demanded that the ships leave but the governor of Massachusetts would not let the ships leaves until the tax on the tea was paid.

f. On December 16, 1773, colonists disguised as Indians snuck onto the three tea filled ships and dumped over 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor (Boston Tea Party).

g. Great Britain punished Boston by passing a series of laws known as the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts. The Intolerable Acts: i. Closed Boston Harbor until Boston paid for the tea. ii. Cancelled Massachusetts’ right to govern itself. iii. Sent British officials accused of crimes to Great Britain to stand trial instead of in the colonies. iv. Established the Quartering Act, which required colonists to house British soldiers. v. Gave land to the colony of Quebec. vi. Appointed General Thomas Gage as the new military governor of Massachusetts.

h. The rest of the colonies united to support Massachusetts. i h. The rest of the colonies united to support Massachusetts. i. October 1774- representatives from each colony except Georgia met to form the First Continental Congress, which met to discuss issues that the colonies had with England