Effects of Conquest Primary Changes Replacement of Small Farms by Large Estates (latifundia m. “great estates”) Create large commercial farms (ex. Livestock) Depend on conquered areas for crops (Grain) Increased use of Slave Labor Movement from Farms to Cities Rise of urban landless poor & poor housing Selling votes to make money Decline of the Roman Republic Widening gap between rich and poor Political corruption

Reforms Gracchus Brothers Tiberius Gracchus (Tribune 133 B.C.) Strength of Rome in the small farmers Proposes Agrarian Bill Redistribute public lands - landless farmers Removed opposing Tribune from Office Killed during riot precipitated by Senators Gaius Gracchus (Continued reforms – Killed) Generals (Recruited landless farmers for Army) Gaius Marius (Consul 7x) Sulla (Won Civil War, Became Dictator)

Marcus Lucinius Crassus Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus 1ST TRIUMVIRATE Marcus Lucinius Crassus Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Gaius Julius Caesar

Hey gimme that gold! I want that gold! I guess I’ll go and fight in the Middle East so that I can be as cool as Caesar and Pompey. Crassus’ obsession with wealth, power, and prestige would lead to his downfall

Pompey flees Italy pursued by a determined Julius Caesar

Caesar marches into Rome and takes control of the Roman Government Now that Crassus and Pompey are gone I can finally declare myself Dictator. Maybe I should go to the soothsayer just to make sure everything works out for me.

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Marcus Aemillius lepidus 2ND TRIUMVIRATE Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Marcus Aemillius lepidus Marcus Antonius