BellRinger What was the most important technological advancement during the Age of exploration? Explain why?

Chapter 2.2 The three main goals of kingdoms during the Age of Exploration: Expansion of the empire Increase wealth and improve trade balance Spread Christianity

Mercantilism What is Mercantilism? An economic system based on trade. What is the main goal of Mercantilism? To increase the money in a country’s treasury by creating a favorable balance of trade with other countries. What are Exports? Goods that are sent from your country to another country to be sold. What are Imports? Goods brought into your country from another country.

MERCANTILISM A great majority of the time countries would take the gold. Why? Gold was preferred because it allowed the country receiving the gold to increase their treasury. What did they do with the gold? Built roads Built Ships to explore and conquer more land Raised armies to conquer more land Paid scientist to develop better weapons or medicine. In short, wealth is power, key to wealth is export more than import. European countries competed for world power and needed colonies to provide necessary raw materials.

Chapter 2.2 Hernando Cortez landed in Mexico and conquered the Aztecs. Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca in Peru (South America). Rewards for conquistadors If successful wealth and glory for both Spain and themselves Spain would be given 1/5 of any treasure found in return for granting conquistadors the right to explore and settle in the New World

Chapter 2.2 Reasons for the Spanish victories in the New World: 1) European diseases killed millions of Native Americans because they were not immune to diseases like measles, smallpox, and influenza 2) Superior weapons like guns and cannons 3) Made alliances with the enemies of the Aztecs and Incas 4) Spanish Conquistadors acted brutally toward the Native Americans

CHAPTER 2.2 Spain in Florida Juan Ponce de Leon landed on the Florida coast and claimed the land for Spain Appointed governor of Florida and asked to set up a colony The Calusa attacked the 200 settlers wounding and killing de Leon Panfilo de Narvaez attempted a colony near Tampa Bay Apalachee attacked and Narvaez forced to flee

CHAPTER 2.2 France in Florida Florida was a key location and would be able to capture Spanish ships loaded with gold and silver. Jean Ribault sailed the St. Johns river and claimed Florida for France Set up the colony of Fort Caroline

CHAPTER 2.2 Spain defends Florida Pedro Menendez de Aviles named governor of Florida Settled St. Augustine the First permanent European settlement in the New World Ribault tried to attack but many of his ships were destroyed by a hurricane. Spanish killed any survivors Menendez attacked Fort Caroline. Killed all except women, children, and Roman Catholics Ending France’s attempt to control Florida

CHAPTER 2.2 Exploring the Southwest Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca a survivor of Narvaez’s expedition in Tampa Bay Lands on an Island near Texas Lived among Native Americans Eventually made it to Mexico Described “Seven Cities of Cibola” cities of gold Leads Spanish to search for gold

CHAPTER 2.2 The Search for Gold Hernando de Soto searched for three years in the southeastern part of the New World Crossed the Mississippi Did not find cities of gold Eventually died of fever

CHAPTER 2.2 The Search Continues Francisco Vasques de Coronado Traveled through northern Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico Went west to the Colorado River and then into present day Kansas, did not find gold

CHAPTER 2.2 Spanish Settlements Class System Pueblos: towns that were centers of trade Missions: religious communities, small town, farmland, and a church Presidio: a fort near a mission Class System Penninsulares: people born in Spain, owned the land, served in the Catholic Church, and ran local government Creoles: people born in the Americas to Spanish parents Mestizos: people with Spanish and Native American parents Native Americans: often very poor Enslaved Africans

Chapter 2.2 Life in Spanish America Encomienda is a grant of Native American labor given to Spanish colonists to make the colonies productive. The Native Americans were treated no better than animals. Hacienda is the name given to a large estate that was responsible for producing food for the colony.

Chapter 2.2 The goals of Spanish missions in the Americas 1) Convert Native Americans to Christianity and increase Spanish control 2) Teach Native Americans how to read and write 3) Teach them carpentry and metalworking skills Las Casas: condemned the cruel treatment of Native Americans Pleads for laws to help protect them New laws made it illegal to enslave Native Americans

Chapter 2.2 The rise of plantations lead to the abuse of Native Americans Sugar Plantations required many workers as a result the Spanish turned to native peoples. Plantations differed from Haciendas because they were large estates that raised cash crops. One of the most important cash crops that led to the rise of slavery was sugar. Native Americans were enslaved under the Encomienda and were beaten, tortured, killed or all three to continue to increase production of crops. Later millions of Africans were brought to the Americas and sold as slaves.

CHAPTER2.2 Settling the Southwest England, France, and the Netherlands start sending colonists to North America in the 1600s Spain controlled parts of North America and most of Central and South America France claimed the Mississippi River Spain moved into Texas to control the area between the French territory and Mexico

The Treaty of Tordesillas: Chapter 2.2 The Treaty of Tordesillas: The treaty moved the Line of Demarcation more than 800 miles to the west. Giving Portugal claim to much of eastern South America. Portugal focused mainly on South America.

Work Period Complete Part A and B of the Unit 2 Activity You must have Part A and B done, to be able to complete Part C next class period If you finish early: Work on Home Learning: SPICE Notes for Chapter 2, Lesson 3