Ecology: Food Webs EQ: How does the movement of matter and energy through biological systems impact you?

Put the following organisms into a food chain Big Birds Plants Small Birds bacteria Caterpillars

Ecology relations of organisms to one another and to their environment

Feeding Relationships Producers Consumers Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Detritivores Decomposers Feeding Relationships

Feeding relationships Producer: Are also called autotrophs. Capture energy from the sun and create their own food supply. Example: Plants Consumers: Are also called heterotrophs. Get energy from eating other organisms. Example: Animals

Types of Consumers An organism that eats producers (plants). Herbivores: An organism that eats producers (plants). Example: Rabbit

Types of Consumers Carnivores: An organism that eats other consumers (animals). Example: Snake

Types of consumers Omnivores: An organism that eats both plants and animals. Example: Raccoon

Detritivores Types of Consumers An organism that consumes nonliving matter. Example: Millipedes

Types of consumers Decomposers An organism that breaks down organic matter. Example: Fungi

Feeding Relationships Food chain- shows a single path of energy transfer start with energy from the sun first level is plants

Feeding relationships: Food webs- the network of feeding relationships and the Many pathways of energy Flow Entire ecosystem

How are food chains different from food webs? Stop and think How are food chains different from food webs?

Tropic Levels Producer (autotroph) Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer

Producer (autotroph) Produces its own food with energy from sun Color the Phytoplankton and algae the same color

Primary consumer These are the Herbivores and they eat the producers Color the Zooplankton, shrimp, and parrotfish Draw an arrow from the producers to the primary consumer

Secondary consumer Can be omnivores or carnivores and Eat the primary consumer Color the sponge, jellyfish, sea turtle and triggerfish Draw an arrow from the primary consumer to them

Tertiary consumer Only carnivores and they eat the 2nd consumer the Reef shark Draw arrow from secondary consumers to them

Stop and Think: What is our food web missing? Why is that important? Decomposers! They Break down dead organisms and give nutrients back into the environment so the producers can grow nice and healthy

Arrows represent Energy Flow! STOP AND THINK: If the consumer is eating the producers, why do the arrows point from the producer to the consumer? Arrows represent Energy Flow!

Stop and Think How would this ecosystem be impacted if the shark was absent?

Keystone Species Keystone Species: A species that has a strong or wide reaching impact on a community; can affect many other species.

CFU- Feeding Relationship For each of the following feeding roles, identify one organism in the food web that fulfills that role: herbivore, producer, heterotroph, autotroph, carnivore, secondary consumer. Herbivore – Grasshopper Producer – Corn Heterotroph – Thrush Autotroph – Corn Carnivore – Wolf Secondary Consumer – Frog

Feeding Practice What would happen if the national park service allowed wolves to be hunted again? What would happen if overuse of pesticides caused frog populations to decline? What would happen if lavenders were outcompeted by an invasive plant?

What kind of chain is edible? A food chain!

Producer Energy pyramid Primary Consumer Diagram that compares energy used by producers, primary consumers, and other tropic levels Tertiary consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producer

The 10% Rule

The rule of 10% Every time energy moves up a trophic level, 90 percent of the energy is lost and only 10 percent of the energy is transferred

Add to the pyramid in your notes If the Producers have 9998 kcal, how much will be transferred to the next trophic level? 9998 X 10% = ? mover the decimal place left 1 position 9998.  999.8 that is your answer! Add to the pyramid in your notes

If the Primary Consumer have 999 If the Primary Consumer have 999.8 Kcal, how much will be transferred to the next trophic level? 999.8 X 10% = ____________ Add to your pyramid 99.98 Kcal

If the Primary consumers have 999 If the Primary consumers have 999.98 kcal, how much will be transferred to the next trophic level? 999.98 X 10% = ____________ Tertiary consumer? ______________ Add to your pyramid 99.998 kcal 9.9998 kcal

Practice – 10% Rule If the fruit fly contains 112 kcal of energy, how many kcal of energy does the thrush get? 11.2 kcal If the eagle only received .01 kcal of energy, how much energy was in the grasshopper? 1 kcal If the flowering plant has 316 kcal of energy, how much energy does the python get? .316 kcal

Food chains and energy pyramids C- level 2 voice H- ask 3 before me A- Work on creating a food web for the organisms on your table then complete the chart AND PASTE INTO THE LEFT SIDE OF YOUR NOTEBOOK M- remain at your assigned table, walking around is a strike! P- work with your team to compete Success