ANGIOSPERMS One way to categorize angiosperms is based on their seed leaves (monocot or dicot). Monocots & Dicots have different characteristics.

Monocots & Dicots

Roots MONOCOT DICOT xylem & phloem alternate usually surrounding a central core of cells (called pith). Found in fibrous roots. xylem is in the center and forms an X shape. Phloem is between the arms of the X. Found in taproots.

Stems MONOCOT DICOT vascular bundles (of xylem & phloem) are scattered one ring or concentric rings of vascular bundles

Leaves MONOCOT DICOT usually have parallel veins branched or netlike veins

Petals MONOCOT DICOT petals in multiples of 3 petals in multiples of 4 or 5

Flower Organs Sepal: protects the flower bud Petal: attracts pollinators

Flower Organs Stamen: male reproductive organs Filament: stalk that supports the anther Anther: holds pollen grains

Flower Organs Pistil/Carpel: female reproductive organs Stigma: sticky. Where pollen grains land Style: connects the stigma to the ovary Ovary: contains the ovules (after fertilization these will mature into fruits)

Co-Evolution Co-Evolution: influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution Animals and Plants have coevolved for pollination of plants. Examples include bright colors, strong scents, & sweet nectar to attract pollinators.