The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism

On to Canada Eve of War, Army is poorly trained, undisciplined and scattered. Poor militia as well. Canada become the background for the beginning of the war. Attempted a three prong invasion of Canada that proved unsuccessful. Attempting to invade from Detroit, Niagara, and Champlain. What might have been a better strategy? Why?

Success by Water Americans proved to have much more success on the water of the Great Lakes. Oliver Hazard Perry defeat of British fleet on Lake Erie. Slogan “We have met the enemy and they are ours” Led to the Redcoats removal of Detroit and the eventual victory by Harrison’s army at the Battle of Thames. Led to the death of Tecumseh. Still far from controlling Canada.

British change in tactics British focus efforts in 1814 after Napoleon is defeated. British attempt to invade New York was pushed back at the Battle of Plattsburgh by Thomas Macdonough. May have saved the war. Another group landed in Chesapeake Bay and advanced on Washington burning the Capital and White House to the ground.

Major Battles At Baltimore the Americans held firm. Fort McHenry held firm and Francis Scott Key was inspired with the words to the National anthem. Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson holds firm entrenched. British decide for a frontal assault and lose 2 thousand compared to 70 Americans. Huge inspiration even though the treaty was signed two weeks before the battle.

Treaty of Ghent Treaty resulted in an armistice. Neither side gained anything from the War. No mention of the grievances of impressment, Orders of Council, confiscations, and the Indian menace. “Not one inch of Territory ceded or lost” in contrast to “On to Canada” Why the stalemate?

Hartford Convention New England federalist extremists upset by the war set up the convention. Late in 1814, delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont sent delegates. Met in secret for three weeks to discuss their grievances and and to seek redress for their wrongs.

Demanded financial assistance from Washington to compensate lost trade and 2/3 vote in congress before embargo, new states, or war. Abolish 3/5 clause, limit president to a term, and prohibit two successive presidents from the same state. Resent of the Virginia dynasty. New England complaints fell on deaf ears with the news of the Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent. What was the effects of this?

Effects of the War of 1812 Shows the nation would resist wrongs! Federalists fall from power complete. War heroes: Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison. Indians forced to make treaties. Manufacturing prospered. New found Nationalism. How was it shown? Textbooks, paintings, revival of the National Bank. New Capital being rebuilt. Army expanded.

The American System Henry Clay develops home market. Strong banking system for providing easy credit, a protective tariff, for east manufacturing, and the revenues to provide funding for roads and canals in the west. Raw materials from West and South brought to the North and East, made into finished materials, and shipped back to the regions.

Critical funding was difficult Critical funding was difficult. Republican ideals would not allow it under the constitution. Madison rejected it. (_________ Construction) New England rejected the funding for fear of losing more of the population and draining their labor force.

Era of Good Feelings. James Monroe moves onto the Presidency. The link between the founding father generation and the new generation. Emerging Nationalism cemented by a goodwill tour through New England brought the “era of good feelings” Was it truly?

Panic of 1819 Economic Panic caused by over speculation of Frontier Land. Western branches of the United States Bank deeply involved in this venture. West especially hit hard. U.S. bank forced mortgages on countless farms. Western debtors saw the national bank as evil (Andrew Jackson) Directed attention to inhumanity of imprisoning debtors.

The Missouri Compromise Sectionalism between North/South was revealed in 1819. Missouri applied for admission as a slave state. House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge amendment. No more slaves to be brought to Missouri and the eventual emancipation of children born to slaves. South saw it as a threat to sectional balance. How did the system of Congress help keep balance for slavery? What is the reaction of the South and pioneers to the Tallmadge amendment?

Henry Clay leads the Compromise. Missouri comes in as a slave state and Maine as a free state. No more slavery north of the 36* 30’ line of the Louisiana Territory. Both sides neither happy nor disappointed. Jefferson viewed this as dangerous. Only a matter of time before this would create large problems.

Supreme Court Cases John Marshall decisions help to strengthen the Federal government. McCulloch v. Maryland- Maryland tried to impose a tax on the Bank of the US. Decision to deny Maryland ability to tax. Cohens v. Virginia- Gambling suit. Supreme court upheld the Virginia courts decision but asserted the right of the supreme court to review decisions of the state courts. Gibbons v. Ogden- Court affirmed only the Federal government controlled interstate commerce. Affirm power of federal government and blow to state’s rights.

Land Acquisitions Monroe administration-Treaty of 1818- fishing rights with Canada, North boundary of Louisiana Territory at 49th Parallel, and shared occupation of Oregon territory for 10 years. Jackson enters Florida in 1818. Round up runaway slaves and take out hostile Seminoles. Went beyond and seized Spanish posts. Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819- Spain cedes Florida and U.S abandons claims on Texas.

Monroe Doctrine Monroe’s stern warning to Europe: 1. noncolonization and Nonintervention. What events were happening in Europe that led to this doctrine? Warnings concerning Russia in the Pacific and intervention in South America. No teeth to the Doctrine. Why? When was it revived?