THE ROARING TWENTIES: Normalcy, Radicalism and Economic Prosperity VISUAL VOCABULARY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.5.1 Discuss the economic outcomes of demobilization. SS.912.A.5.2 Explain the causes of the public reaction(Sacco and Vanzetti, labor, racial unrest) associated with the Red Scare. SS.912.A.5.4 Evaluate how the economic boom during the Roaring Twenties changed consumers, businesses, manufacturing, and marketing practices. SS.912.A.5.6 Analyze the influence that Hollywood, the Harlem Renaissance, the Fundamentalist movement, and prohibition had in changing American society in the 1920s. SS.912.A.5.10 Analyze support for and resistance to civil rights for women, African Americans, Native Americans, and other minorities.

“Return to Normalcy” Normalcy: Term used by President Warren Harding to describe the calm political and social order to which he wished to return the United States after the idealism and commotion of the presidency of Woodrow Wilson.

“Return to Normalcy” Demobilization: The process of transitioning from a war-time economy to a peace-time economy Disarmament: The process of reducing or eliminating a nations military forces.

“Return to Normalcy” Isolationism: Harding and Coolidge foreign policy of involving U.S. in world affairs as little as possible Laissez-faire: Economic policy that opposes government regulation of business.

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Capitalism: an economic system based on private property and free enterprise Communism: an economic system in which property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Anarchists: Person who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power Red Scare: The fear of the spread of communism; Palmer's raids (raided communist headquarters), FBI created as a result

Economic Prosperity: The Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance Prohibition: Nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages

Economic Prosperity: The Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance Speakeasies: Underground, illegal bars that provided alcohol illegally Flappers: "Liberated" women who dressed provocatively with short hair, not following traditional woman roles

Economic Prosperity: The Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance Mass Media: Forms of communication, like newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people. The radio brought entertainment, sporting events, news, and advertising into people’s homes. The motion picture industry also became a major business during the 1920s. The Jazz Age: A “consumer society;” people from coast to coast bought the same goods, listened to the same music, did the same dances and even used the same slang; mass culture

Economic Prosperity: The Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance: A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished Expatriates: A group of American writers that rebelled against America's lack of culture in the early 20th century. Many moved to cultural centers such as London and Paris in search for literary freedom.

Reasons for the Economic Prosperity of the 1920s: Americans L.A.C.K. P.A.N.T.S.! Laissez-faire: Government does not interfere in business and taxes are kept low. Assembly Line (mass production): Products became more affordable. Credit (Buy now, pay later): Allowed more people to buy more products. Knowledge: New technologies like electricity and plastics helped to mass produce products.

Reasons for the Economic Prosperity of the 1920s: Position of the US in world economy: U.S. had the world’s strongest economy after WWI. Advertising: Encouraged people to buy things they didn’t even know they wanted. New consumer goods: Cars, radios, and refrigerators were popular and in high demand. Tariffs: Taxes on foreign goods made them more expensive to buy than goods made in the U.S. Share Confidence: Confidence in U.S. industry led more people to buy stock in them.

“Return to Normalcy” Fordney-McCumber Tariff: Law that raised American tariffs (taxes) on many imported goods in order to protect factories and farms. Teapot Dome Scandal: Albert Fall, Harding’s secretary of the interior, secretly leased, or rented, oil reserves owned by the government to two oil companies. In exchange, he was paid more than $400,000.

“Return to Normalcy” Supply-Side Economics: an economic theory based on the idea that economic growth can be created by lowering barriers (taxes and regulations) on the production of goods and services (businesses). Dawes Plan: Plan put into place by the allies in which the U.S. would loan Germany money to make reparations for WWI.

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Chicago Riot: An African-American teenager drowned in Lake Michigan after being stoned by a group of white youths. His death, and the police’s refusal to arrest the white man whom eyewitnesses identified as causing it, sparked a week of rioting between gangs of black and white Chicagoans Universal Negro Improvement Association: An organization that promoted racial pride and helped African Americans start businesses; goal was to form an independent black nation in Africa

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare The New KKK: The 1920s saw a revival of the organization, however, all non-white groups, blacks, immigrants, Jews, Catholics, etc. are targeted. Rosewood Massacre: A violent massacre of African Americans in the town of Rosewood. Most of the town was burned and currently remains deserted.

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Fundamentalist Movement: A conservative movement in Christians; believe that the statements in the Bible are literally true; often argue against the theory of evolution. Scopes Monkey Trial: The trial of John Scopes, a high school teacher in Tennessee, for teaching the theory of evolution in violation of state law. The trial was held in 1925, with famous lawyers on both sides — William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution and Clarence Darrow for the defense.

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Sacco and Vanzetti Trial: Two anarchists who were convicted of a robbery and two murders and sentenced to death. Many people have thought that Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted because of their political views and not because of the evidence against them Emergency Quota Act: Prevented Eastern & Southern European immigration by limiting the number of immigrants to 3% of current immigrant population.

Economic Prosperity: The Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance Volstead Act: law enacted in 1919 to provide enforcement for the Eighteenth Amendment; originally vetoed by Woodrow Wilson

Economic Prosperity: The Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance Welfare Capitalism: Businesses encourage their workers to buy stock in the company. Installment Buying: Consumers could afford to buy electric appliances by promising to pay in small, regular payments (credit)