THE ROARING TWENTIES: Normalcy, Radicalism and Economic Prosperity Cause and Effect

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.5.1 Discuss the economic outcomes of demobilization. SS.912.A.5.2 Explain the causes of the public reaction(Sacco and Vanzetti, labor, racial unrest) associated with the Red Scare. SS.912.A.5.4 Evaluate how the economic boom during the Roaring Twenties changed consumers, businesses, manufacturing, and marketing practices. SS.912.A.5.6 Analyze the influence that Hollywood, the Harlem Renaissance, the Fundamentalist movement, and prohibition had in changing American society in the 1920s. SS.912.A.5.10 Analyze support for and resistance to civil rights for women, African Americans, Native Americans, and other minorities.

“Return to Normalcy” Main Idea: During the "Roaring 20's" social and political changes greatly impacted various racial and immigrant groups These were also an economic boom for consumers, workers, and businesses

Presidents and Policies Warren Harding 1921-23 “Return to normalcy” Fordney-McCumber Tariff Foreign goods cost more than Americans Calvin Coolidge 1923-29 “Business is America’s business” Respected the laissez-faire policy

Return to Normalcy Source http://diazsocialstudies.org/ahistory_units_2.htm#TWENTIES1

“Return to Normalcy” Post-War effects on returning soldiers: Soldiers faced unemployment or took their old jobs away from women or minorities The demand for goods during wartime had decreased Cost of living went up drastically

“Return to Normalcy” Post-War Trends: Nativism Isolationism Stressful times after the war led to a desire to get back to normal, peaceful living Two belief systems that shaped what people thought about foreigners resulted: Nativism Fearful of outsiders or foreign-born people Isolationism Desire to pull away from being involved in world affairs.

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Communism Government has a dictator There is no private property All businesses, factories, railroads are owned by the government Desires that all citizens have equal wealth and power

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare American Fear of Communism Red Scare Americans were looking for communist in the U.S. Fear of Communist Revolution in the U.S. in 1919 and the new Communist Party in the U.S. Also feared worker strikes and new immigrants

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Fundamentalist Movement: A conservative movement where supporters wanted to restrict what was taught in schools Eleven states raised anti-evolution legislation They believed that the statements in the Bible are literally true and argue against the theory of evolution

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Scopes Monkey Trial: Stemming from the Fundamentalist Movement, charges were filed against what a teacher was teaching in school The trial of John Scopes, a high school teacher in Tennessee, for teaching the theory of evolution in violation of state law The trial was held in 1925 Scopes was found guilty and was later overturned This trial is important because it stopped other states from passing similar legislation about teaching evolution

Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare Sacco and Vanzetti Trial Two Italian immigrants were accused of robbery and murder. The had unpopular views and were considered to be anarchists. During the trial they talked about their political views and many people have thought that Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted because of their views and not because of the evidence against them

“Return to Normalcy” Immigration and Racial Tension: Quota System Act 1921: Greatly limited immigration with "quotas" from different countries Discriminated towards countries from Eastern and Southern Europe (thought to be communists, Catholics, and Jews)

Rise of the Ku Klux Klan Devoted to 100% Americanism. Keeping blacks "in their place" Destroying saloons Opposing unions Getting Catholics, Jews, and foreign-born people out of the U.S. Increase in racial violence Rosewood Massacre in Florida was a violent massacre of African Americans Most of the town was burned and currently remains deserted.

U.S. Business Boom Business Boom! Resources in America Mass Production in industry New Technology Laissez-faire approach Demand for U.S. goods is high due to tariffs on imports Public encouraged to invest in American businesses Source http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/tch_wjec/usa19101929/2riseandfall2.shtml

U.S. Business Boom Key Government Economic Policies: Aimed to help businesses grow (more profit) Government cut taxes on businesses Gave businesses more credit to expand Reduce government spending Fordney-McCumber Tariff- high tariffs (on foreign goods) to protect US made goods

Not all prospered in the Boom Source http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/tch_wjec/usa19101929/2riseandfall5.shtml

Effects of the Economic Boom Rise in automobile ownership Henry Ford and the Model T Mass production, assembly lines and standardization in the car industry Ford paid his employees higher wages Ford made cars affordable for people from $850 in 1908 to $250 in 1925 Now 1 out of every 5 Americans owned a car Roads, highways and gas stations were being built By 1929, 4 million Americans worked in the car industry

Effects of the Economic Boom Rise in American Standard of Living People were making more money and could purchase more things Mass production and mass consumption made products affordable New technology and things that made life easier were something everyone wanted The middle class emerged

Comparing Salaries and Prices from 1910-1930 Source http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/his/e_prices1.htm

Economic Boom Use of Electricity Mass Production of Goods Electricity was now available People were purchasing lights, refrigerators, washers, sewing machines. Mass production in full swing Assembly lines increased production What use to take 12 hours was now done in 1 hour allowed more goods to be produced faster and cheaper

Effects of the Economic Boom New Ways of Advertising Previously only used a picture of item and price Now the products came with a message, “buy me and you will…” Advertisers wanted to find ways to make products appealing They started telling people you need and deserve this product Radios were also important to advertisers Created commercials to tell you why you should buy their products

Effects of the Economic Boom Buying Goods on Credit “Buy now and pay later” The middle class home wanted all the modern conveniences To make this happen businesses let them buy on credit (make installment payments with a fee) People could have it all but ended up in debt owing money

Life in the Roaring 20’s Prohibition Also know as the “Noble Experiment” The 18th amendment said that alcohol could not be made, sold or transported in the United States The Progressives pushed for this to help with social problems and reduce crime

Life in the Roaring 20’s Bootlegging, Speakeasies and Organized Crime Bootleggers were the people who made and sold the illegal alcohol During Prohibition they brought in millions of gallons of illegal liquor Customers would go to “speakeasies” which were underground illegal bars controlled this business and would bribeOrganized crime officials Al Capone is a noted figure from this time

Life in the Roaring 20’s Mass Media, Radio and Hollywood With new technology came better forms of communication Newspapers and radio now reached millions of people Entertainment, sporting events, news, and advertising were in people’s homes Hollywood became the motion picture capital of the world Millions were now going to the movies

Harlem Renaissance A period in the 1920s African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished Harlem became a cultural center for many artists During this time there was a “great migration” where many African-Americans moved from the South to the North

Harlem Renaissance African American Writers, Performers and Jazz This was a time when many African American began to be recognized for their talents in the arts.

The Lost Generation of Writers Expatriates Also known as the “lost generation” These were a group of American writers that rebelled against America's lack of culture in the early 20th century Many moved to cultural centers such as London and Paris in search for literary freedom Writers include Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and T.S. Eliot

Additional Resources http://floridastudents.org/PreviewResource/StudentResource/150922 The Economy of the Roaring 20’s an online tutorial guide   http://floridastudents.org/PreviewResource/StudentResource/150729 Post War Blues and Reds, an online tutorial guide http://floridastudents.org/PreviewResource/StudentResource/155051 Crash Course on the Roaring 20’s http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUrl/Preview/44976 Prejudice and Politics: Sacco, Vanzetti, and Fear, New York Times informational text on the trial http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUrl/Preview/37749 Reading Like a Historian, The Palmer Raids, looks at communism and the red scare http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUrl/Preview/37736 Reading Like a Historian, Prohibition, reviews the 18th amendment, video clip and primary source documents http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUrl/Preview/37753 Reading Like a Historian, The Scopes Trial, analyze 4 documents related to the Scope trial

Additional Resources   http://www.history.com/topics/prohibition video on Prohibition 3 minutes from the History Channel http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/monkey-trial-begins video on Scopes Monkey Trial, 1 minute video and it’s the last 30 seconds of it, also has an article giving more information on it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zywzzl9AiU the First Red Scare, video is 3 minutes and shows video from the time period http://www.biography.com/people/groups/movement-harlem-renaissance pictures and biographies of artist from the Harlem Renaissance, each about 3 minutes long https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjxpYsTjNPk The Roaring 20’s-The Jazz Age, 5 minute video spotlighting artists of that time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGLm7VUbIWE Booker T Washington vs W.E.B. DuBois -- Analyzing Their Differences, video 4 minutes highlighting their contributions