Levels of Organization Biology 10(C)

Objectives for August 25/26, 2016 Identify the biological levels of organization Relate levels of organization to each other After this lesson, you will know the levels of organization. You will also be able to relate the levels to each other.

Warm Up List the 8 characteristics of living things. Made of cells Reproduce Genetic Code Grow and Develop Use energy Respond to stimulus Homeostasis Adapt Remember that ecologists study interactions among and between living things. By having clear levels of organization, ecologists can break apart interactions and make a complex system clearer.

Card Sort Put the cards I give you in order from smallest to largest. I will come around and assist you. Next – Handout notes Start at the bottom of the pyramid 

Levels of Organization Atom – smallest unit of an element. (elements = H, O, C) Hydrogen atom Molecule – two or more atoms bonded together DNA The levels of organization start at a very small measurement. An atom is the smallest representative unit of an element. These atoms can bond together to form molecules. Molecules can be small, such as water molecules, or very long, such as DNA molecules. Either way, molecules are simply two or more atoms bonded together.

Levels of Organization Molecule – two or more atoms bonded together DNA Cell – smallest unit capable of characteristics of life Skin cell Cells are composed of many different molecules. For example, molecules of DNA compose the genetic material of a cell. Phospholipid molecules compose the cellular membrane. While these cells are simply many different molecules in one space, cells can be capable of all of the characteristics of life, such as metabolizing energy and reproducing. Cells are the smallest level of organization considered to be alive.

Levels of Organization Cell – smallest unit capable of characteristics of life Skin cell Tissue – similar cells working together to fulfill a function Epithelial (Skin) layer In multicellular organisms, cells work together. A group of similar cells working together to fulfill a function is called a tissue. For example, an epithelial layer is composed of many epithelial cells.

Levels of Organization Tissue – similar cells working together to fulfill a function Epithelial (Skin) layer Organ – different tissues working together to fulfill a function Stomach Many different tissues work together to compose an organ. For example, different epithelial, connective, and muscle tissue compose the stomach, where food is digested.

Levels of Organization Organ – different tissues working together to fulfill a function Stomach Organ system – different organs working together to fulfill a function Digestive system Multiple organs work together to fulfill a larger function. While the stomach digests food, it must work with the tongue, esophagus, liver, and intestine in order for food to become fuel for cells.

Image by Aaron Logan [CC-BY-1.0 Levels of Organization Organ system – different organs working together to fulfill a function Digestive system Organism – an individual life form, composed of at least one cell Flamingo Many organisms are composed of multiple organ systems working together. For example, flamingos have digestive, muscular, cardiovascular, reproductive, and nervous systems. Organisms are capable of all of the characteristics of life. Note that some organisms are single-celled, which means they do not have tissues, organs, or organ systems. They are simply one cell Image by Aaron Logan [CC-BY-1.0

Levels of Organization Organism – an individual life form, composed of at least one cell Flamingo Population – multiple organisms of one species that live in one area Flock of flamingos Many individuals of one type of organism found in one area at a given time make up a population. For example, a flock of flamingos at a watering hole is a population. Image by Aaron Logan [CC-BY-1.0 Image by Tony Hisgett [CC-BY-2.0]

Levels of Organization Population – multiple organisms of one species that live in one area Flock of flamingos Community – different populations living in an area Flocks of flamingos, other birds, and fish Different species are often found in one area. The multiple different species found in one are a community. For example, flocks of spoonbills live among flocks of flamingos. Individual reed plants also make up a population that is a part of this community. Image by Luis Nunes Alberto [CC-BY-SA-3.0] Image by Tony Hisgett [CC-BY-2.0]

Image by Luis Nunes Alberto Levels of Organization Community – different populations living in an area Flocks of flamingos, other birds, and fish Ecosystem – all of the populations in one area and their environment A Florida wetland When the nonliving environment is also analyzed, this level of organization is a called an ecosystem. For example, a Florida wetland includes the populations of flamingos, spoonbills, and reeds in addition to the water, soil, and weather. Image by Luis Nunes Alberto [CC-BY-SA-3.0] Image by Peripitus (Own work) [GFDL]

Images by Alex Zorach and M. Readey Levels of Organization Ecosystem – all of the populations in one area and their environment A Florida wetland Biome – similar ecosystems found across the Earth Rain Forest Images by Alex Zorach and M. Readey (Own work) [GFDL] Similar ecosystems are found across the world. These similar ecosystems can be grouped into a biome. For example, many different specific wetlands make up the wetlands biome. Image by Peripitus (Own work) [GFDL]

Images by Alex Zorach and M. Readey Levels of Organization Biome – similar ecosystems found across the Earth Wetlands Biosphere – all of the ecosystems on Earth Most of the Earth Images by Alex Zorach and M. Readey (Own work) [GFDL] When all of interacting biomes are analyzed, this level of organization is the biosphere. This is the region on Earth where life exists and encompasses most of the Earth.

Card Sort – Try Again! 5 MINUTE CELL PHONE BREAK Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ System Organ Tissue Cell Molecule Atom 5 MINUTE CELL PHONE BREAK

Food Chains Food Chain A single pathway of feeding relationships in an ecosystem Draw this example in the space provided

Food Web Multiple food chains in an ecosystem Draw this example in the space provided Arrows = Energy!!

Trophic Levels Handout

Exit Slip Write the smallest and largest level of organization. Draw the 4 trophic levels triangle. What is the 10% rule? PUT NOTES IN FOLDER BRADS – 3 hole punch You should now know the levels of organization and be able to relate the levels to each other.