WJEC Health Unit1 1 Physical Factors (5) 1.1 Life Quality Factors (14) 1.4 Factors affecting Communication (11) 1.5 Strategies to overcome Barriers: Individuals (9) 1 Physical Factors (5) Exercise, Diet, Physical comfort and safety, Hygiene, Pain relief 2 Intellectual Factors (2) Stimulation, Engaging in Activities 3 Emotional Factors (5) Privacy, Dignity, Approval, Psychological security, Autonomy 4 Social Factors (2) Social Contact, Social Support 31 Emotional 37 Use of technical terminology or colloquialisms 32 Environmental 38 Appropriate speed clarity and loudness 33 Physical or intellectual disabilities 39 Use of eye contact, facial expressions, body language 34 Cultural influences 40 Legibility and accuracy 35 Stereotyping and labelling 41 Lack of resources 36 Time constraints and pressures 62 British Sign Language, Makaton, Braille, Widget 66 Interpreter 63 Equipment – hearing aids, adapted computers, electronic voice output, pendant call system community alarm aid 67 Facilitating access – e.g. use of ramps 64 Use of an advocate 68 Adapted equipment and facilities 65 Use of support groups 69 Anger management / assertiveness training 1.2 Principles of Care (7) 5 Promoting effective communication and relationships 9 Acknowledging individuals' personal beliefs and identity and respecting diversity 6 Promoting anti-discriminatory practice 10 Protecting individuals from abuse 7 Maintaining confidentiality of information 11 Providing individualised care 8 Promoting and supporting individuals’ rights to dignity, independence, empowerment, choice and safety 1.6 Rights and responsibilities (12 Acts) 1.5 Barriers to Communication: Care workers (7) 70 The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 76 The Children Act 1989 71 Race Relations Act 1976 77 The Work and Families Act 2006 72 Mental Health Act 1983 78 The Data Protection Act 1994 73 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 79 The Access to Personal Files Act 1987 74 Human Rights Act 1998 80 The Access to Health Care Records Act 1990 75 NHS and Community Care Act 1990 81 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1973 42 Attitude and prejudice 46 Preoccupation with own needs 43 Lack of motivation 47 Ethical dilemmas 44 Conformity to workplace norms 48 Stress and physical strain 45 Lack of skill 1.5 Strategies to overcome Barriers: Care workers (9) 49 Clear and effective policies and codes of practice 51 Advice and support within the workplace 50 Training 52 Appraisal, continuing professional development procedures 1.3 Caring Skills and Techniques (13) 1.6 Systems of Redress (7) 12 Encouraging 19 Disengagement 13 Showing approval 20 Distraction 14 Creating trust 21 Physical contact 15 Gaining compliance 22 Modelling 16 Social perception 23 Working alongside 17 Observation 24 Setting challenges 18 Providing individualised care 25 Safe working practices 82 Organisational policies 86 Ombudsman 83 Local complaints procedures 87 Commissions – Equal Opportunities, Racial Equality, Human Rights, Disability Rights 84 Industrial tribunals 88 European Court of Human Rights 85 Regulatory bodies 1.5 Barriers to Communication: Individuals (9) 53 Lack of status 57 Attention seeking 54 Social exclusion 58 Hostile behaviour 55 Physical impairment 59 Feelings of frustration and isolation 56 Concealing problems 60 Communication barriers - sensory impairments, learning disabilities, language barriers 61 Poor access to services and resources – physical, psychological, financial, lack of information, geographical, cultural and language barriers 1.4 Communication Types (5) 26 Written 29 Graphical 27 Verbal 30 Alternative 28 Non-verbal WJEC Health Unit1