Q.Q. 09/25 Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory? X-rays Computer The light microscope The scanning electron microscope Answer: C

Types of Microscopes Used Today (Review): Light Microscope: uses a beam of light to produce image; LIVING tissue/organisms Compound Light microscope: multiple lenses (scanning, low, high power) Electron Microscope: uses an electron beam to produce image; more powerful than light; for NON-LIVING things Scanning (SEM): external surface of cells Transmission (TEM): internal structures of cells Electron microscope - Non-Living

Test Corrections Wednesday Sept. 26th After School Room 8-221

Q.Q. 09/26 A scientist is studying a cell from an unidentified organism. Which feature of the cell provides the strongest evidence that the organism is a prokaryote and not a eukaryote? The cell contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. B) The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. C) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall. D) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane but not a cell wall.

Q.Q. 09/26 A scientist is studying a cell from an unidentified organism. Which feature of the cell provides the strongest evidence that the organism is a prokaryote and not a eukaryote? The cell contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. B) The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. C) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall. D) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane but not a cell wall.

Unit #2: Cell Structures & Function Quiz on Friday, 9/28!

Organelles Very small (Microscopic) Perform various functions for a cell Found in the cytoplasm May or may not be membrane-bound tschwartz 7

Cell or Plasma Membrane *STRUCTURE: Double layer of phospholipids and proteins Function: Surrounds outside of ALL cells for protection Semipermeable- controls what enters or leaves the cell Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – Both YES tschwartz

Cell Wall Outside cell membrane Rigid-structure made of Supports and protects cell Rigid-structure made of cellulose in plants; Also in Fungi and bacteria Cell wall EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – Plants ONLY! YES tschwartz

Cytoplasm of Cell Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane Contains organelles Found in ALL cells cytoplasm EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH YES tschwartz

Nucleus- The Control Organelle Function: “Control center” of the cell—> directs cell activities Stores genetic information (DNA and chromosomes) EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz

NUCLEUS continued… Nuclear Envelope Nuclear Envelope (nuclear membrane) Contains nuclear pores for materials to enter & leave nucleus EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO Nuclear pores tschwartz

Nucleolus Function: Dark center, inside nucleus Makes ribosomes EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz

Chromosomes Function: Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus Contains all genetic information EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH YES

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Function: “Highway system” to transport substances to different parts of the cell via vesicles Has ribosomes that make membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) Function: Lacks or NO ribosomes Makes lipids (fats, oils & steroids) Removes toxins from cell (drugs and poisons) EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz

Ribosomes Function: Can be attached to Rough ER or be free in the cytoplasm Join amino acids to make proteins  EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH YES! tschwartz

Lysosomes Function: Contain digestive enzymes Breaks down old organelles, removes waste, protects the cell from invaders EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz

Golgi Body (apparatus) Function: Modify, sort, & package proteins and lipids from ER to different parts of the cell Receive proteins made by ER Look like flattened pancakes!!! EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz Transport vesicle

Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES. tschwartz

Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) Function: “Powerhouse” of cell Burns glucose to produce ATP (energy) EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz

Centrioles Function: Come in pairs, near nucleus Helps pull chromosome pairs apart during cell division Only in ANIMAL cells Look like churros!!! EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – ANIMAL ONLY! NO tschwartz

Vacuoles Function: Fluid filled sacks for food or water or storage EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH Plants- Big central Animals- small NO tschwartz

Chloroplasts Function: Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) Only in Plant cells and some Protists (algae) EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – PLANTS ONLY! NO tschwartz

Cilia & Flagella Function: Cilia Short, hair-like structures that aid in movement Flagella Long, whip-like “tail” that aids in movement Eutreptiella- Flagella movement EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – ANIMAL ONLY! YES- flagella only Paramecium- Cilia movement tschwartz

*ADD IN! Cytoskeleton Function: Provides support and structure Also helps move proteins around EUKARYOTE (Plant? Animal?) PROKARYOTE YES – BOTH NO tschwartz

EOC Review Question  Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?   A. mitochondrion - movement B. ribosome - protein synthesis C. vacuole - cell division D. nucleus - storage of nutrients tschwartz

EOC Review Question  Which of these best completes this concept map? A. an animal cell B. a prokaryotic cell C. a virus D. a plant cell tschwartz

Microscope Viewing of Cells Take a look at a PLANT and ANIMAL cells Plant – Elodea (Aquatic plant) Look at shape, nucleus, green chloroplasts? Animal – Cheek cells Compare shape to Plant cells Look for nucleus tschwartz

Plant Cell 30 tschwartz 30

Nucleolus Animal Cell tschwartz

Extra Credit Opportunity! Complete Amoeba sisters Prok. & Euk. Video Recap handout Bring tomorrow and turn in before Quiz! *Also- Re-Watch from class for cell organelle review!