Movement of Elements Plants take up elements in the form of

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Presentation transcript:

Movement of Elements Plants take up elements in the form of carbon dioxide and ions from the soil These pass through living organisms along the food chain Eventually the living organisms die, are decomposed by micro-organisms and the nutrients become available again.

Carbon Cycle burning and combustion: wood, coal, peat, gas and petrol are used in these processes. They are the remains of plants and animals which lived millions of years ago.

Addition of CO2 to the atmospheric pool Respiration Combustion Decomposition Removal of CO2 from the atmospheric pool photosynthesis

Carbon Cycle Amount of CO2 in air varies according to the balance between respiration and photosynthesis How will the amount of CO2 vary during the day and night?

Human Activities and Carbon Cycle Increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere may lead to the greenhouse effect. Due to burning fossil fuels and burning and ploughing up the tropical rainforests. Forests contain a lot of stored C in trunks of trees. The easiest way to clear land is to burn it – large amounts of CO2 are released. The balance between respiration and photosynthesis is upset.

Nitrogen Cycle

ENERGY N N

DNA RNA

Adding nitrates

nitrogen-fixing bacteria Specialised groups of bacteria work in the cycle. These are: decomposers nitrifying bacteria nitrogen-fixing bacteria denitrifying bacteria

Nitrogen Cycle

decomposers break down the nitrogen compounds in dead organisms (protein/DNA/RNA) and waste material (urea) releasing ammonium compounds (NH4+)

oxidise ammonium to nitrites and then nitrates (nitrification) nitrifying bacteria oxidise ammonium to nitrites and then nitrates (nitrification)

nitrogen-fixing bacteria these live free in the soil or in root nodules of leguminous plants and synthesise organic N-containing compounds such as amino acids from nitrogen gas. Nitrogen fixation only occurs in anaerobic conditions, in the root nodules. (Also occurs in thunderstorms and Haber process)

root nodules

denitrifying bacteria in anaerobic conditions (water-logged or compacted soils) nitrates are broken down releasing nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere (denitrification)

Humans and the N Cycle Robbing Nutrient Cycles Growing crops and harvesting them removes nutrients from the soil. Over years the losses are very great and eventually plants no longer grow Can be replaced by adding natural or artificial fertilisers.