Cellular Reproduction Chapter 8 Section 1

Eukaryotes - Nucleus Contains genetic info DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid

Prokaryotes Have no nucleus DNA is found in cytoplasm Single circular DNA chromosome

Eukaryotic Chromosomes Chromosomes = packets of DNA or genetic material

Chromosome structure Chromatid = half of chromosome Centromere = center area (holds chromatids together)

Chromosome #’s Each species has certain # of chromosomes in each cell

Types of Chromosomes Sex chromosome = determine the sex of organism Male = XY Female = XX

Types of Chromosomes Autosome = body chromosomes (do not affect sex of organism)

Chromosomes Each cell has two copies of chromosomes One copy from each parent = homologous chromosomes -gene for the same trait

Karyotype Pictures of chromosomes of an individual 46 chromosomes = 22 autosome pairs and 1 set of sex chromosomes

Diploid vs. Haploid Diploid = 2 sets of chromosomes (double) (Body cells) Haploid = 1 set of chromosome (half) (only sex cells = sperm and egg)