4 A Tour of the Cell.

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4 A Tour of the Cell

Which cellular structure is common to all three domains of life? nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes endocytotic vesicles Answer: D. Ribosomes, though not the same size in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, are essential for protein synthesis, which is required for life. Discuss examples of essential proteins. Please see Concept 4.2. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which cellular structure is common to all three domains of life? nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes endocytotic vesicles © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 3

Autophagy removes old, damaged organelles like mitochondria Autophagy removes old, damaged organelles like mitochondria. Which organelle is most critical for autophagy? smooth ER peroxisomes rough ER lysosomes Golgi apparatus Answer: D. Lysosomes perform the digestion that is part of autophagy, as described in Concept 4.4. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 4

Autophagy removes old, damaged organelles like mitochondria Autophagy removes old, damaged organelles like mitochondria. Which organelle is most critical for autophagy? smooth ER peroxisomes rough ER lysosomes Golgi apparatus © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 5

What is the correct order for secretion? rough ER, endosome, Golgi, smooth ER rough ER, Golgi, smooth ER, exocytosis smooth ER, rough ER, exocytosis, Golgi rough ER, Golgi, transport vesicle, exocytosis rough ER, Golgi, endosome, exocytosis, transport vesicle Answer: D. Secreted proteins, as shown in Concept 4.4, pass through several parts of the endomembrane system. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 6

What is the correct order for secretion? rough ER, endosome, Golgi, smooth ER rough ER, Golgi, smooth ER, exocytosis smooth ER, rough ER, exocytosis, Golgi rough ER, Golgi, transport vesicle, exocytosis rough ER, Golgi, endosome, exocytosis, transport vesicle © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 7

Which kind of cells make plasmodesmata? plant cells animal cells bacterial cells A–C B and C Answer: A. Plasmodesmata are hollow channels through the plant cell wall. Please see Concept 4.7. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which kind of cells make plasmodesmata? plant cells animal cells bacterial cells A–C B and C © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which kind of cells make tight junctions? plant cells animal cells bacterial cells A–C A and C Answer: B. Tight junctions help to prevent movement of material from one side of an animal cell to the other via the extracellular matrix. Discuss how this is important in the small intestine. Please see Concept 4.7. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which kind of cells make tight junctions? plant cells animal cells bacterial cells A–C A and C © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is not part of a prokaryotic cell? nucleoid chloroplast ribosome plasma membrane cell wall Answer: B. Chloroplasts are descended from prokaryotic cells, but they are found on eukaryotes. Please see Concept 4.2. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is not part of a prokaryotic cell? nucleoid chloroplast ribosome plasma membrane cell wall © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is not part of a eukaryotic cell? nucleoid chloroplast ribosome plasma membrane peroxisome Answer: A. The eukaryotes keep most of their DNA in a membrane-enclosed nucleus, not a nucleoid. Please see Concept 4.2. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is not part of a eukaryotic cell? nucleoid chloroplast ribosome plasma membrane peroxisome © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

If you were examining a plant cell, what kind of vacuole would you find? contractile central food A–C A and C Answer: B. Plant cells have a proportionally large central vacuole that can perform a number of different functions, depending on the state of the plant cell. Please see Concept 4.4. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

If you were examining a plant cell, what kind of vacuole would you find? contractile central food A–C A and C © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

If you applied a drug to block mitochondrial function, what would an affected cell lack most? protein ATP enzymes vesicles membranes Answer: B. The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell and provides vitally important supplies of ATP. Please see Concept 4.5. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

If you applied a drug to block mitochondrial function, what would an affected cell lack most? protein ATP enzymes vesicles membranes © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.