Chapter 8 Energy Resources and Consumption By Viteri

Energy concepts 1st Law of thermodynamics- Energy Cannot be created or destroyed 2nd Law Entropy is always increasing There are many different types of energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Solar Energy Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Common Energy Conversion Problems KWH- How many KW per Hour 100 Watt light bulb was on for 10 hours. How many KWH’s? If each KWH is $0.25. How much does it cost to have the light bulb on? Practice 2013 Question Number 2 Megawatt 1.0 X 10^6 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Need to Predict Time and energy Trend Nuclear Power began in the 1970’s Coal was our oldest form of major energy as we moved from biomass/wood (1800’s) 1900’s We started using Petroleum and Natural Gas (much more Petroleum than gas) As of recently coal is declining Renewables remain low

How is electricity Produced Example of how a coal fire plant works. Vocabulary Turbine Generator Cooling Towers This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA How is electricity Produced

How Nuclear Power Plants work Example of how a Nuclear PowerPlant Works Vocabulary Control Rods Reactor Core Condensor Major pollutant from Nuclear Power is THERMAL POLLUTION and NUCLEAR WASTE This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA How Nuclear Power Plants work

Due to Energy Crisis in 1970’s there was a need for alternative forms of Energy Nuclear Power was the answer Nuclear Power uses heat from the break down of a radioactive material. The radioactive material is Uranium 235 Since there is very little in nature it must be enriched by hitting it with alpha neutrons Uranium 235 Uranium 238 Th234 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA More on Nuclear Power

Nuclear waste take a great deal of time to break down Nuclear waste take a great deal of time to break down. It will remain dangerous after is has completed its commercial use. Currently it is stored on the nuclear plant for storage. Was planned to store at Yucca Mountain This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA More on Nuclear Power

Revisiting HalfLife If you have 1/16 left of a substance that has a half life of 1000 years. How old is this substance? Original Carbon 14 was 100grams and now 12.5 grams was all that remained. Each half life is 5000 years. How old is the fossil? The halflife of solar panels is 20 years. What is the efficiency of the solar panels after 40 years? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Nuclear Power Plant Accidents Three Mile Island-1979 Pennsylvania Chernobyl-1986- Ukraine Fukishima-2011- Japan This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND Nuclear Power Plant Accidents

Coal is the most abundant type of fossil Fuel There are four different types of coal Anthracite Bituminous Sub bituminous Lignite Peat The best type of coal to burn contains the highest amount of carbon and least amount of sulfur This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Coal is Bad for the Air Burning coal releases Mercury more than any other fossil fuel. Burning coal also releases sulfur in the atmosphere which produces sulfuric acid in acid deposition. Wet Scrubbers Smoke Stacks Fluid bed combustion This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

World Reserves for Coal Russia and the USA have the most coal according to our text. China burns the most coal right now. 150 Years left of Coal Clean coal technologies may clean the air pollution caused by coal burning. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

Oil/Petroleum/Crude Many products are made from petroleum. Obtained from pores of sandstone and shale. Can be found in oceans. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC Oil/Petroleum/Crude

Oil Spills BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico-2010 Effected the fish and tourism industry Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Alaska-1989 We didn’t know what to do This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

How to clean up OiL Spills Booms Chemical Dispersants Fire Bioremediation Absorbants This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

Different Methods of Clean up This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Oil Reserves The middle east has the most oil reserves. Most of the easiest oil supplies have been drilled already. Now there is a move toward ocean drilling. 50 years of oil left This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Oil Reserves

Natural Gas/Methane/CH4 Natural Gas is found in in the ground like other fossil fuels. Cleanest burning fossil fuel. Obtained by fracking. Fracking Cons Uses a lot of water Can leak and cause water pollution Earthquakes Harmful chemicals are added to the ground This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Natural Gas/Methane/CH4

Renewables Solar Energy is broken down into Active and Passive Systems Passive Systems uses heat from the sun directly Active Solar transforms sun energy into electrical energy Photovoltaic cells This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

Renewables in General Renewables can be used indefinitely They also typically do not cause any greenhouse gases. Examples with no green house gases include solar, wind, hydroelectric There are cons also associated with renewables but we need to do something because fossil fuels will run out and Global climate change. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Renewables Cont. Geothermal Energy This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Renewables Cont. Geothermal Energy

Cons of GEothermal Noise Pollution Earthquakes Location Specific This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Cons of GEothermal

Wind Turbines Wind turbines are noisy and unsightly They kill birds and migration patterns This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Hydroelectric Power Dams are used to create electricity They can kill migrating fish They can dry up wetlands downstream They can cause eutrophication upstream This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

BioFuels Biofuels are fuels like biodiesel that is made from the plants. They do release greenhouse gases however since they are using current carbon there is no net increase. The use of crops for fuel increases the price of food since now crops will be used for fuel. Fermentation makes ethanol which can also be used as a fuel. Methane is also made by the decomposition of organic waste in a anaerobic environment. (Biogas) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA