LG 13- Causes of WWII Learning Goal 13: Students will be able to explain the reasons why WWII started. - Japan’s aggressive search for resources - Fascism, Nazism, rise of totalitarianism following WWI (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Tojo, Hirohito) Treaty of Versailles Great Depression - Appeasement of Hitler at Munich/Invasion of Poland Attack on Pearl Harbor Scale: 4 3 2 1 In addition to a 3 student was able to explain and analyze how WWII started. Student was able to explain the reasons why WWII started. Student was able to identify the reasons why WWII started. Student was able to partially identify the reasons why WWII started.

Causes of WWII 1. Treaty of Versailles (treaty that ended WWI) Germany had to take a greater share of blame and punishment for WWI. - Pay 33 Billion dollars in reparations to the winners of WWI. Lost territory and all of their over seas colonies Couldn’t have a military Had to accept full blame for the war Map of Germany after WWI German money became worthless after WWI and during the Great Depression. This woman is burning money.

Causes of WWII 2. Great Depression The German economy is ruined and is in heavy debt. Germans are humiliated and very resentful about how they were treated at Versailles. This was all happening while the Great Depression was happening in Europe, and unemployment was very high and the Germany currency was all but worthless. People in German become desperate and start to look for a way to solve their problems. This makes them very susceptible to giving up their democratic form of government, and turning towards a charismatic leader (dictator)to solve their problems. Hitler promises to return German to greatness.

Causes of WWII 3. Japan needed raw materials By the start of the 1930s Japan’s government was being run by a small group of military leaders (Oligarchy- dictatorship by a small group). The Japanese Emperor Hirohito was almost powerless. The person really making the decisions was Prime Minister, General Hideki Tojo. Japan starts to invade other countries in Asia and Pacific in search of raw materials (oil, iron ore, coal…). Japan was trying to build up its military and industrial power, and they needed these resources to do that. Prime Minister, General Hideki Tojo

4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Causes of WWII 4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in 1922. He was one of the leaders in the Italian Fascist party. Fascism is characterized by having a single dictator (autocracy) in control. By 1925, he became the dictator of Italy. Benito Mussolini “Il Duce”- The Boss/ Chief

4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Causes of WWII 4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Adolf Hitler led the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party). It was a fascist type of political party that stressed extreme nationalism (pride in one’s country), military strength, territorial expansion, and the racial superiority of German people (Aryans). In 1932, Hitler was elected as the chancellor (prime minister or president) of Germany. He overthrows the government and declares himself the supreme leader. Adolf Hitler “Fuhrer” or leader

4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Causes of WWII 4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Stalin rose through the communist party to become its leader in 1924. After taking leadership of the party he tighten his control of all aspects of life in the Soviet Union. In effect, he set himself up as a dictator in the Soviet Union. Even though he fights on the same side as the Allies, his government is more similar to those of Germany and Italy. Josef Stalin

4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Causes of WWII 4. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments Rome- Berlin Axis 1936, Hitler and Mussolini enter into a fascist military alliance. In 1940, Japan will join this alliance.

Causes of WWII 5. Appeasement of Hitler. Munich Agreement When Germany threaten to use military force to take the Sudetenland (a part of Czechoslovakian German border). British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler in Munich, Germany and worked out a compromise where Hitler promised to stop Future aggression if he was given the Sudetenland. Prime Minister Chamberlain gave in to Hitler’s threat of violence by giving him what he wanted (appeasement). Adolf Hitler Prime Minister Chamberlain Called the Munich Agreement “Peace in Our Time” Benito Mussolini Munich Agreement

Cause of WWI 5. Appeasement of Hitler. Munich Agreement

Causes of WWII 5. Invasion of Poland and the start of WWII in Europe On September 1,1939, Germany invaded Poland. Hitler breaks his promise made during the Munich Agreement to stop aggression. France and Great Britain declare war on Germany. Hitler and Stalin had made a secret treaty with each other to take over Poland. The Soviet Union invades the eastern half of Poland while Germany takes the western half.

Cause of WWII Attack Pearl Harbor, HI. Japan needed raw materials from other Asian countries. Japan started to attack, and take over many nations in Asia and the Pacific looking for these raw materials (oil, rubber…). As a way to show Japan that the United States was unhappy with this, we decided to stop trading with them, which angered the Japanese leadership. The United States Navy in the Pacific was the only obstacle in their way to continue taking territory in Asia and the Pacific. The Japanese leadership decided to attack the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Cause of WWII Battleship USS West Virginia

Causes of WWII Attack on Pearl Harbor, HI. Zuikaku Kaga Akagi Soryu Shokaku Hiryu Missing from Pearl Harbor were the three U.S. aircraft carriers, Lexington, Enterprise, and Saratoga.

Cause of WWII Attack Pearl Harbor, HI. After the attack, President Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war on Japan. Germany and Italy then declare war on the U.S. Over half of the Pacific fleet was destroyed. America suffered more than 3,500 dead and wounded. The U.S. starts to mobilize for war. Pearl Harbor Memorial USS Arizona “ a date which will live in infamy”

LG 14- Home Front During WWII Learning Goal 14: Students will be able to explain how Americans supported the war effort from home. - Supporting the war effort (war bonds, scrap/metal drives, rationing, enlisting, President Roosevelt) - War industry - Women and minorities in the workforce (Rosie the Riveter, bracero project) - Executive Order 9066 (Japanese American internment camps, Korematsu v. U.S.) Scale: 4 3 2 1 In addition to a 3 student will be able to explain and analyze how Americans supported the effort from home. Student was able to explain how Americans supported the war effort from home. Students was able to identify how Americans supported the war effort from home. Students was able to partially identify how Americans supported the war effort from home.

Home Front During WWII The war provides new opportunities for women and minorities at home. Women took the place of men in the work force. 25% of the labor force was women. Many women became wage earners for the first time. “Rosie the Riveter” was a fictional symbol that represented working women. Over 300,000 women served in the armed forces. Over 1 million African- Americans and tens of thousands of Native Americans and Hispanics worked in the defense industry. Minority groups served in the armed forces in segregated units.

Home Front WWII The war provides new opportunities for women and minorities at home. As minorities took advantage of the new opportunities given to them in the workplace, there was a backlash of racism towards African and Hispanic Americans. 1943- Zoot Suit Riots Los Angeles 1943- Race riots in Detroit

Home Front During WWII Americans support the war effort at home Automakers stopped making cars as a way to save metal. Many Americans at the direction of the government started to ration war materials like food, rubber, metal and oil. Americans helped to pay for the war by buying War Bonds from the government.

Home Front During WWII Thousands of Japanese-Americans are sent to internment camps during WWII. After the attack on Pearl Harbor anti-Japanese feeling grew and many people started to distrust Japanese-Americans living in the United States. President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 requiring all persons of Japanese ancestry to leave the Pacific coast area of the United States.

Home Front During WWII Life in the internment camps for Japanese-Americans. Over 100,000 Japanese-Americans were forced to leave their homes and leave their possessions behind as they relocated to prison-like internment camps away from the West coast. About 2/3 of those sent to the camps were native born American citizens (Nisei). Many Japanese Americans volunteered to serve in the armed forces as a way to show their loyalty to the United States. Fred Korematsu (Korematsu v. United States) sued to the Supreme Court stating that Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional, but his claim was denied. Fred Korematsu