Chapter 6 The Muscular System – Muscle Movements Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 6 The Muscular System – Muscle Movements Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Muscles and Body Movements Muscles are attached to bone at two points: ORIGIN – attachment to an immoveable bone INSERTION – attachment to a movable bone Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 6.12

Major types of muscles involved in a movement: AGONIST (or Prime Mover) Muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement EXAMPLE: Biceps brachii is the prime mover or agonist when flexing the lower arm.

Major types of muscles involved in a movement: ANTAGONIST Muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover EXAMPLE: Triceps is the antagonist to the biceps brachii.

Types of Muscles SYNERGISTS Muscles that aid a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation EXAMPLE: Muscles that stabilize the wrist are synergists (for finger movement).

Types of Muscles FIXATORS Stabilize the origins of a prime mover EXAMPLE: Muscles that minimize scapula movement (while arm is moving) are fixators.

Types of Body Movements Flexion/ Extension Abduction/ Adduction Circumduction Rotation/ Lateral Rotation/ Medial Rotation Protraction/ Retraction Elevation/ Depression Plantar Flexion/ Dorsiflexion Eversion/ Inversion Pronation/ Supination Opposition/Gliding Movement

Body Movements

Body Movements

Body Movements

Body Movements

Special Movements of the Foot

Special Movements of the Hand