Understand the Functions of the Respiratory System

Understand the functions of the Respiratory System Essential question What are the functions of the respiratory system? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 2

Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures Nose Air enters the respiratory system through two oval openings called nostrils Sinuses Responsible for warming and filtering the air, also the resonance in the voice 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 3

Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures Pharynx Common passageway for air and food a.k.a. the throat Epiglottis Muscular flap that closes over the larynx to prevent food from entering trachea 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 4

Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures Larynx Produces sound a.k.a the voice box Contains vocal cords Trachea Ciliated mucous membrane for passage of air to lungs a.k.a. the windpipe 5

Functions of Lower Respiratory Structures: Trachea Bronchi: lower ends of trachea divide into right & left bronchi to enter both lungs Bronchial tubes: branches off of bronchi moving air to bronchioles Bronchioles: branches off of bronchial tubes moving air to alveoli Alveoli: inner surfaces covered with surfactant that keeps the alveoli from collapsing (STICKY) each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries where the gases are exchanged 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 6

Functions of Lower Respiratory Structures Lungs Pleura: one of the double walled sacs the protect the lungs. Pleural cavity is filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction Mediastinum: interpleural space Diaphragm: seals the thorax so lungs can expand and allow for gas exchange 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 7

Functions of the Respiratory System Respiration (breathing) Production of sound What is the relevance to your health? ________________________________ 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 8

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system Breathing Process of breathing. External respiration Process of taking air in and out of the lungs (bring air in from external environment Internal respiration Process of O2 and CO2 being exchanged between the cells. Exhalation Inhalation 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 9

Breathing 1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration How many times does a normal adult breath per minute? 14-30 respirations/min (per minute) Calculate your respirations 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 10

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system Control of breathing Neural Factors Explain the role of the Medulla Oblongata Part of brain responsible for breathing An increase or decrease in gases in blood will trigger respiratory center What does the Phrenic Nerve do? Controls diagram and intercostal muscles 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 11

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system Control of breathing Chemical Factors What are the chemical factors involved in breathing? Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries sensitive to the amount of O2 in blood Compare to NEURAL FACTORS. Neural is brain, chemo is blood 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 12

Respiratory Movements Compare respiratory movements. Coughing: deep breath followed by forceful expulsion of air to clear the lower respiratory tract Hiccups: spasm of the diaphragm and spasmodic closure of the glottis Sneezing: air forced through nose to clear respiratory tract Yawning: deep prolonged breath that fills lungs, increases blood O2 Why do they occur? Chemo or Neural trigger Which is which?? 13

Types of breathing Eupnea: normal, easy breathing Apnea: without breathing Dyspnea: difficulty breathing Tachypnea: is an abnormally rapid and shallow rate of of breathing 14

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system Types of breathing Hyperpnea: increase in depth and rate of breathing with abnormal respiratory movements Orthopnea: difficulty or labored breathing when the body is in a horizontal position (laying down) Hyperventilation: rapid breathing occurs which causes the body lose carbon dioxide too quickly 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 15

Lung Capacity and Volume Tidal volume: amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath. The normal amount is about 500 ml Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): Amount of air you can force a person to take in over and above the tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): Amount of air you can force a person to exhale over and above the tidal volume 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 16

Lung Capacity and Volume Vital lung capacity: Total amount of air involved with tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume Residual volume: amount of air that cannot be voluntarily expelled from the lungs. Functional residual capacity: sum of the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 17

Lung capacity and volume Total lung capacity Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve Expiratory reserve Residual air Sample 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 18