2018-2019 CALCULATION OF RACE POINTS & THE RACE PENALTY

This Presentation is about Race Points and Penalty Points Calculating U.S. Points Types of points Race Points - Based on the time behind the winner Penalty Points - Represents the ability of the best racers at the event Seed Points* - Average of a skiers 2 best race results (National Points) Race Results - Race Points + Penalty This Presentation is about Race Points and Penalty Points * Seed points – National (U.S.) & International (FIS) – are calculated and published several times during the season. List of publication dates for both competition levels can be found in the 2019 U.S. Alpine Competition Guide: “Alpine Important Dates”

RACE POINTS RACE POINTS: A calculated number that compares each competitor’s time to the winner's time in a particular race. The winner’s Race Points are always 0.00. Race result software automatically calculates race points. It is the Technical Delegate’s duty to verify race points and confirm their accuracy with a signature (601.4.9.3), and it is the Chief of Calculations’ duty to provide accurate calculations of results (612.7). These officials form a partnership that provides accurate results for all competitors.

CALCULATION OF RACE POINTS In order to calculate Race Points, use one of the following formulas: (U1260.2) P = (Racer's Time in seconds (Tx) ) (Winner’s Time in seconds (To) ) - 1 x Factor or P = (Factor X Racer’s Time in seconds (Tx) ) (Winner’s Time in seconds (To) ) - Factor P = POINTS TX = Racer’s Time in Seconds TO = Winner’s Time in Seconds FACTORS = A constant used in the calculations of RACE POINTS to normalize the inherent time differences between different skiing events DH - 1250 SL - 730 GS - 1010 SG - 1190 AC - 1360 P - 870 2019 U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Competition Guide (U1260.3) NOTE: Some calculators require the use of an ' = ' when changing from multiplication or division process to addition or subtraction. Do not round until Race Point calculation is complete.

CALCULATE THE RACE POINTS Use the following information and calculate race points for this GIANT SLALOM race: F = ______* RNK TIME POINTS 1 2:05.19 ________ 2 2:05.80 ________ 3 2:06.46 ________ 4 2:06.55 ________ 5 2:06.57 ________ 6 2:06.59 ________ 7 2:06.93 ________ 8 2:06.96 ________ 9 2:07.00 ________ 2:07.07 ________ *Factors on the previous slide are current for 2017-2018 and are valid for both U.S. and FIS events. Factors can be verified on the cover page of FIS Points List. Race Points are calculated for ALL competitors in an event.

CALCULATE THE RACE POINTS GIANT SLALOM Factor = 1010 RNK TIME (SS.ss) POINTS 1 (To) 2:05.19* (125.19) 0.00 (Winner always gets 0.00) 2 (Tx) 2:05.80 (125.80) 4.92 (Rounded down from 14.921) 3 2:06.46 (126.46) 10.25 (Rounded up from 10.246) 4 2:06.55 (126.55) 10.97 (Rounded down from 10.972) 5 2:06.57 (126.57) 11.13 (Rounded down from 11.133) 6 2:06.59 (126.59) 12.29 (Rounded down from 11.294) 7 2:06.93 (126.93) 14.04 (Rounded up from 14.037) 8 2:06.96 (126.96) 14.28 (Rounded up from 14.279) 9 2:07.00 (127.00) 14.60 (Rounded down from 14.602) 2:07.07 (127.07) 15.17 (Rounded up from 15.167) *Remember 1 minute = 60 seconds

U.S. PENALTY POINTS PENALTY POINTS are a numerical indicator that allows an event at one site to be compared/equalized to the same type of event held at another site. Both U.S. and FIS Penalty calculations require: Identifying the top ten finishers in time Verifying the calculation of the Race Points for the top 10 finishers in time Identifying the competitors with the 5 best (lowest) Seed Points who actually start the race regardless of their final result: DNF, DSQ or DNS 2nd Run 4) Verifying that all competitors being used in the Penalty calculation have seed points equal to or lower than the maximum value seed points for that event

U.S. PENALTY: Top 10, Best 5 of top 10 Their Race Points 36.78 44.05

U.S. PENALTY: Best 5 (lowest) Seed Points who actually start the race regardless of their final result: DNF, DSQ, DNS 2nd Run 33.77

U.S. PENALTY: Do the math IS THERE AN ISSUE?

U.S. PENALTY Applied Penalty

U. S. PENALTY U. S. CODE #’S U. S. POINTS U. S. MAXIMUM POINTS U. S U.S. PENALTY U.S. CODE #’S U.S. POINTS U.S. MAXIMUM POINTS U.S. MINIMUM PENALTIES* *If event meets published standards: Greater of calculated penalty or minimum of 15.00 shall be applied.

U.S. EXCEPTIONS The following slides address exceptions that may affect the calculation of a U.S. Penalty.

RACERS IN FIRST FIVE HAVE U.S. POINTS IN EXCESS OF MAXIMUM VALUE When at least five racers finish and have valid U.S. points, but one or more of the five best racers has points over the maximum value of DH 820 points SG 660 points GS 530 points SL 360 points SC 660 points P 445 points Determine the racers with 5 best (lowest) valid U.S. points Assign points at the maximum for the event to those racers whose points exceed the maximum Calculate the penalty according to the formula (2019 U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Competition Guide: Chapter 2 - Points & Ranking)

DOES NOT MEET U.S. MINIMUM STANDARDS IF MINIMUM VERTICAL DROP IS NOT MET: The GREATER of calculated OR minimum penalty of 30.00 is applied IF MINIMUM VERTICAL DROP NOT MET BUT MINIMUM TIME REQUIREMENT IS: IF MINIMUM VERTICAL DROP AND MINIMUM TIME REQUIREMENT NOT MET: The GREATER of the sum of the calculated penalty + additional penalty or The minimum penalty of 30.00 is applied (2019 U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Competition Guide : Chapter 2 - Points & Ranking) Additional Penalty is added ONLY IF minimum vertical AND time IS NOT MET, all other substandard races use calculated penalty with a 30.00 Minimum. Standard races, 15.00 minimum

MINIMUM U.S. STANDARDS EVENT MIN. VD ALT.MIN.TIME* ADD. PEN. DH 400 m 60 sec- max 2 runs (U706.2.1.1) 26.00 SL 100 m 50 sec- total 2 runs (U801.1.1) 12.00 GS 250 m 50 sec- total 2 runs (U901.1.1) 17.00 SG 300 m 40 sec- 1 run (U1001.1.1) 21.00 P 60 m 40 sec- total 2 runs (U1222.1) 10.00 *If the minimum vertical drop is met, then the minimum time requirement does not apply! (2019 U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Competition Guide: Chapter 2 - Points & Ranking)

FEWER THAN 10 RACERS FINISH When fewer than 10 racers finish a U.S. scored event and their results are submitted for scoring, regardless of the calculated penalty, the minimum race penalty shall be: DH 180 points SG 135 points GS 110 points SL 80 points SC 125 points P 95 points (2019 U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Competition Guide: Chapter 2 - Points & Ranking)

NO RACE PENALTY CAN BE CALCULATED WHEN FEWER THAN 3 RACERS FINISH! FEWER THAN FIVE FINISH When fewer than five racers finish a U.S. sanctioned event and results are submitted for scoring, the race penalty shall be calculated as follows: Insert ‘ghost’ racers as necessary to bring the total of actual finishers and ‘ghost’ racers to 5 Assign each ‘ghost’ racer maximum seed points Assign each ‘ghost’ racer race points equal to those of the lowest ranked (worst time/highest race points) finisher Manually calculate the penalty according to the formula NO RACE PENALTY CAN BE CALCULATED WHEN FEWER THAN 3 RACERS FINISH! (2019 U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Competition Guide: Chapter 2 - Points & Ranking)

FEWER THAN FIVE RACERS IN FIRST TEN WITH VALID SEED POINTS When there are fewer than five racers with valid seed points who finish in the first ten – or nine, eight, etc., when there are only nine, eight, etc., finishers – the race penalty shall be calculated as follows: Assign maximum points to the worst ranked competitor(s) finishing in the first ten – or nine, eight, etc., when there are only nine, eight, etc., finishers – in order to bring the total of racers with points to five including those with valid points and those with assigned points Calculate the penalty according to the formula (2019 U.S. Ski & Snowboard Alpine Competition Guide: Chapter 2 - Points & Ranking)

TIES THAT MAY OCCUR Two or more Competitors are Ranked 10th If two or more competitors are ranked 10th, they shall all be taken into consideration for the penalty calculation when selecting the five best (lowest) seed points Since seed points are added, this will result in a lower penalty. Two or more Competitors have the 5th Best Points If two or more competitors have the 5th best (lowest) seed points, the competitor with the higher race points will be selected for the penalty calculation Since race points are subtracted, this will result in a lower penalty.

CALCULATION OF A FIS PENALTY FIS events require calculation of a penalty based on the competitors’ FIS Points.

ADDITIONAL STEP FOR FIS PENALTY Calculation of a FIS Penalty follows Steps 1-7 of a U.S. Penalty. Following any necessary rounding, the following step is added: Identify the EVENT-LEVEL ADDER: Separate Adder is established for each event level Event-level adders are published on the cover page of each FIS List Event level adders are EVENT AND GENDER SPECIFIC (Rules of FIS Alpine Points: 4.5 Published on each valid FIS points list, 1st page example on next slide)

FIS LIST 1ST Page Minimum penalties for Season 2020 All Season 2019 results will be recalculated by FIS using new minimums. Recalculated results will be used to calculate Season 2020 Base List Points.

FIS PENALTY: Verify & apply the Event-Level Adder Men’s FIS Giant Slalom Level 3 Adder = 3.00 What if the event were a Ladies’ Giant Slalom?

FIS PENALTY FIS CODE #’S FIS POINTS FIS MAXIMUM POINTS FIS MINIMUM PENALTIES VERTICAL DROP MUST BE MET; CAN BE WAIVED ONLY BY FIS

FIS EXCEPTIONS As with a U.S. Penalty, you may encounter exceptions in the calculation of a FIS Penalty.

RULES OF THE FIS POINTS: 4.4.3 The Best Five classified competitors The five competitors with the best FIS points who are ranked amongst the top ten of the race concerned will be selected. If points are above the maximum value or missing, the maximum value will be used for the penalty calculation.

RULES OF THE FIS POINTS: 4.4.4 4.4.4 Less than five Competitors: Maximum Value If there are less than five competitors with FIS points amongst the first ten of the result list, or there are not five competitors who started with FIS points, then those competitors without FIS points, e.g. the remaining competitors will receive the maximum value: DH 310 FIS points SG 250 FIS points SL 145 FIS points GS 200 FIS points SC 250 FIS points P to be published

RULES OF THE FIS POINTS: 4.4.4 4.4.4 Less than five Competitors: How many have to be ranked/how many have to finish? If less than three competitors with FIS points are ranked within the five, which are taken into consideration, the competition is not considered. At least three competitors must have FIS points (irrespective of the number of points) and at least five competitors have to be classified.

PENALTY TIES – FIS Two or more Competitors are Ranked 10th If two or more competitors are ranked 10th, they shall all be taken into consideration for the penalty calculation when selecting the five best (lowest) seed points Seed points are added, so this results in a lower penalty. Two or more Competitors have the 5th Best Points If two or more competitors have the 5th best (lowest) seed points, the competitor with the higher race points will be selected for the penalty calculation Race points are subtracted, so this results in a lower penalty.

“BEST 5 CLASSIFIED COMPETITORS” Of the racers in the top 10, Pl. 1, Pl. 2, Pl. 4 and Pl. 5 have FIS Points below the maximum value and are included in the Penalty calculation: Of the remaining 6 racers: Pl. 3 has FIS Points above the maximum value Pl. 6 thru Pl. 10 have no FIS points You must assign maximum value to all 6 racers (FIS maximum values differ from those used in U.S. non-FIS events) You must choose the racer with the 5th best points and you have 6 racers with “equal points”... WHICH RACER IS USED IN THE PENALTY?

THE PENALTY

MAXIMUM VALUES ASSIGNED... NOW PICK 5TH BEST!

COMPLETED CALCULATION

AND YOU USE Pl. 3 because: According to Rules of the FIS Points: 4.4.3 The Best Five classified competitors The five competitors with the best FIS points who are ranked amongst the top ten of the race concerned will be selected. If points are above the maximum value or missing, the maximum value will be used for the penalty calculation. Even though you have 6 racers who appear to be equal because of the assignment of maximum value, Pl. 3 has “actual FIS Points” and must be selected as one of the “five competitors with the best FIS Points”.

COMPUTERS & CALCULATIONS Race Result Software has the capability to: - Assign Maximum Value - Calculate Race Points - Calculate Race Penalty However the Technical Delegate and the Chief of Timing & Calculations are responsible for: VERIFYING THE ACCURACY OF ALL TIMES & ALL CALCULATIONS!

WHY WE TEACH “How To Perform Calculations Manually!”