Warm Up Write this question AND your answer on your Warm Up paper What led to the cattle boom during the Gilded Age?

Immigration and Urbanization Gilded Age Pt 4 Immigration and Urbanization

Push and Pull Reasons immigrants came to America: Push: No jobs, no freedoms, no land Pull: Promise of economic opportunity, chance of factory job, abundance of land Came mostly from South and East Europe (before they came from North and West Europe) Italy, Poland, Greece, Romania, Russia Should there ever be restrictions on immigration? Why or why not?

Where they settled Near port of entry, esp NYC (went through Ellis Island) Led to urbanization (growth of cities) Development of ghettos- areas in which one ethnic group dominates What are the positive and negative effects of immigration? Bessemer Process for steel (Carnegie) Building skyscrapers More people in a small area Bessemer Process for steel (Carnegie) Bessemer Process for steel (Carnegie) Building skyscrapers

Ellis Island

Ship headed to Ellis Island - 1906

Problems of Immigrants Problems Immigrants Faced Cultural Differences Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements Low paying jobs Limited housing supply, tenements, ghettos Problems Immigrants Faced Cultural Differences Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements Low paying jobs Limited housing supply, tenements, ghettos Little to no education, no English Problems Immigrants Faced Cultural Differences Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements Low paying jobs Limited housing supply, tenements, ghettos Little to no education, no English Nativism Problems Immigrants Faced Cultural Differences Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements Low paying jobs Problems Immigrants Faced Cultural Differences Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements Problems Immigrants Faced Problems Immigrants Faced Cultural Differences Tenements- poorly built, overcrowded apartments

Nativism Nativism- favoring the native inhabitants over immigrants Being anti-immigrant Why were some Americans nativists?? Led to immigration quotas- limit on # per country Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 No Chinese allowed in From 40,000 to 23 in one year Weren’t granted citizenship until 1943

Looking Backward They would close to the New World the Bridge that Carried them and their Fathers Over They would close to the new-comer the bridge that carried them and their fathers over

This comes from a play called “The Chinese Must Go:” A Farce in Four Acts by Henry Grimm, published in San Francisco, 1879. In just the first page, you will be able to see many of the common stereotypes of Chinese immigrants in the 19th century.

STAAR PRACTICE

STAAR PRACTICE

Life for Immigrants Factory work Pushed towards “Americanization” Long hours, little pay, terrible conditions Pushed towards “Americanization” Educating immigrants on American heritage, culture, and English Why did Big Businesses get away with treating immigrants so poorly?

Moving on up… Not just immigrants moving to the cities From 1880-1920, 11 million Americans moved to cities Urbanization = growth of cities Why? Immigration, Industrialization Women not needed on farms, went to factories African Americans started moving to northern cities What are the positive and negative effects of urbanization?

Chicago 1871

Chicago 1916

Problems from Increase Population Overcrowded cities, air pollution, dwindling resources Increased sewage and waste Slums Group of run down tenements Open sewers; rats; diseases

Political Machines People in office who control politics with corruption Controlled the city; catered to immigrants Traded jobs and help for the immigrants in exchange for votes Stayed in power b/c large groups of immigrants voted for them no matter what Used their “power” to help their supporters  How did political machines take advantage of immigrants?

“Boss” Tweed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YildL_ilQFY

Political Machines, cont. Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups Immigrants vote for political bosses Political bosses give government jobs to big supporters who were unqualified and let bosses do whatever they want Political bosses stay in power and use jobs to illegally make money (corruption) Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups Immigrants vote for political bosses Political bosses give government jobs to big supporters who were unqualified and let bosses do whatever they want Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups Immigrants vote for political bosses Spoils system- giving jobs in exchange for support Gave jobs to unqualified people Used positions to steal money, take bribes Tammany Hall- famous example of political machines Led by William “Boss” Tweed as head; made millions What are the consequences of a spoils system?

STAAR PRACTICE

STAAR PRACTICE What types of services would a newly arrived immigrant need?

BIG IDEA Why did cities in the United States grow rapidly during the Gilded Age? And what problems did this rapid growth pose for cities?