Macromolecules January 11, 2019

I. What are macromolecules? A. CARBOHYDRATES B. LIPIDS D. NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA) C. PROTEINS

II. What does it mean to be organic? Role of Carbon Carbon has 4 valence electrons; needs to form 4 more covalent bonds to be stable Carbon can bond with other carbon atoms and other elements Carbon can form straight chains, branched chains, or rings

II. What does it mean to be organic? (cont.) CHNOPS The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life Hydrocarbons: A compound that only contains the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) C and H bonded in different proportions

Putting things together…let’s make some MACROMOLECULES

IV.) Formation of Macromolecules What are macromolecules made of? Monomers: smaller building blocks of the macromolecules Monomers can link together to form large polymers AKA Macromolecules

B. Macromolecule Formation Process = Dehydration Synthesis Removal of OH + H forms water, H2O Leaves bonding sites that join monomer units to create a polymer Monomer OH H H2O Polymer

C. Macromolecule Destruction Process = Hydrolysis Break bonds between monomer units Add OH + H to fill bonding sites & break polymer unit into monomer units again Polymer H2O OH H Monomer

D. Macromolecule Formation/Destruction Image MONOMERS HYDROLYSIS DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS H2O H2O POLYMERS

Fill in Chart… For each Macromolecule Made of (elements from CHNOPS) Basic Unit (monomer) Polymer unit Function Where found Examples Use pages 161-167 in book and/or discuss with partner

Macromolecule Chart Elements Monomer Polymer Function Where Found Examples Carbs C,H,O Mono-saccharide Poly-saccharide Energy, Structural Support Liver, Plants Glucose, Starch, Glycogen DNA C,H,N,O,P Nucleotide DNA, RNA Holds genetic information; codes for protein production Nucleus of a cell Found in all living things

Macromolecule Chart (cont.) Elements Monomer Polymer Function Where Found Examples Lipids C,H,O,P Glycerol, Fatty Acids Phospho-lipids, Triglycerides Energy Storage Cell membrane Fats, Oils, Butter Proteins C,H,N,O,S Amino Acids Building blocks for cell, enzymes Muscles, hair, nails, skin Meats, Soy beans, Dairy products