The American Civil War 1861–1865

Period Five, Part One 1844---Polk elected President and the birth of “Manifest Destiny” to 1865---The end of the Civil War and the beginning of “Reconstruction”

Three Catagories: (Period Five, Part One) Territorial Expansion and Compromises over Slavery The 1850s (divisive decade) The Civil War

Territorial Expansion (The four largest) Northwest Territory (1787) Louisiana Purchase (1803) Oregon Country (1846) Mexican Cession (1848) *biggest issue as the country expanded to the west was the expansion of slavery 1857 – Dred Scott Case: Critical ruling by the Supreme Court that slaves are not citizens and that Congress has no authority to ban slavery from the territories. Huge victory for pro-slavery forces.

COMPROMISES OVER SLAVERY Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas Nebraska Act

Missouri Compromise - 1820

Compromise of 1850

Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

Missouri Compromise (1820) Oregon Country (1846) (“54’40’ or fight”) Four Major Compromises over the Extension of Slavery into the Federal Territories Missouri Compromise (1820) Oregon Country (1846) (“54’40’ or fight”) Compromise of 1850 Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

The 1850s What made it such a divisive decade? Why was a Civil War inevitable after 1854?

The Civil War Advantages and strategies of both sides Early years of the war (1861-1863) Major Turning Points Emancipation Proclamation Issued (September, 1862) Gettysburg (July, 1863) Vicksburg (July, 1863) The End Sherman’s March to the Sea (Late 1864, Early 1865)

Causes Slavery Sectional Differences Lifestyle Culture Economic Life N-Finance & Manufacture S- Crops & Agriculture

The Leaders Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln President of the Confederate States of America. Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States. He opposed the expansion of slavery. CICERO © 2010

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

Major Battles of the Civil War

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 South Carolina The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson of the United States Army had moved his troops to the base because he feared a Confederate attack. In the early morning the Confederates launched an attack. One Confederate soldier and four Union soldiers were killed in the battle.

First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861 Virginia First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861 The First Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21, 1861. The battle lasted about five hours. Union casualties were high, almost three thousand Confederates suffered two thousand casualties.

Antietam September 17, 1862 Maryland The Battle of Antietam, September 16–18, 1862 AKA the Battle of Sharpsburg Confederate forces under Generals George McClellan and Robert E. Lee. Federal armies brutalized the Confederacy 23,000 casualties Bloodiest Single Day of the War

The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Significance: Changed the MEANING of the war President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. It was part of a two-part plan that guaranteed freedom to slaves in the Confederate states. The Confederate government claimed Lincoln could not issue laws over states in which he had no political control.

African-American Recruiting Poster The Famous 54th Massachusetts

Vicksburg May 2-July 9, 1863 Battle of Vicksburg -May 13, 1863. Mississippi Battle of Vicksburg -May 13, 1863. The North and the South considered Vicksburg an important stronghold. Union General Ulysses S. Grant launched massive assaults on Vicksburg and terrorized the inhabitants. Turning point of the Civil War because the Union Army under Grant gained control of the Mississippi River

Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Pennsylvania The Battle of Gettysburg began as the Battle of Vicksburg was ending. Confederate General Lee Union General George C. Meade’s Meade Prevented Lee’s troops from invading the North

THE NORTH INITIATES THE DRAFT, 1863 Irish Immigrants and Blacks recruited in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, ( July 13-16, 1863

The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Abraham Lincoln delivered this famous speech, to a crowd gathered at the dedication of Soldier’s National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Sherman’s March to the Sea November 15-December 20, 1864 Union General William T. Sherman The Union had already captured Atlanta Sherman marched the rest of his army to the Atlantic Ocean through Savannah, Georgia. Sherman’s troops burned buildings and infrastructures along the way, destroying many towns and cities. Sherman’s troops defeated the depleted Confederate army and took Savannah on December 22, 1864.

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Virginia General Lee surrendered his Confederate army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. In a sign of respect, Grant allowed Lee to keep his saber and horse.

Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at the end of the Civil War. April 14, 1865, while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife and two other people. Booth was a loyal Confederate, and he thought the Confederacy could triumph if Lincoln were dead. Lincoln died of his fatal wound the next morning.

The Trial and Execution of the Conspirators They were tried in a military tribunal court because the government deemed the nature of the case required the use of this court. All eight were found guilty. 4 were sentenced to death by hanging. 1died in prison. President Andrew Johnson pardoned 3 in 1869

Legacy of the War The Civil War was the bloodiest war in American history. 600,000 Died Massive inflation and Public Debt Devastation of the South Changing Labor Patterns and Roles for women Passage of 13th, 14th, 15th, Amendments to the United States Constitution. outlawed slavery, granted African Americans United States citizenship, and granted African-American males the right to vote.