Notes: The Civil War 1861-1865

Choosing Sides States had to choose between seceding or staying in the Union 11 slave states seceded and formed the Confederacy 5 slave states stayed in the Union (nicknamed Border States) 19 free states stayed in the Union Union = North Confederacy = South

Reasons for the War Southern states want to create an independent country based on plantation agriculture (cotton, sugar, rice, etc.) and slavery The Union does not believe that States have the right to secede. The Union fights to keep the whole country together

The Union The North 24 states (19 free and 5 slave) Twice as many people as the Confederacy 80% of factories were in the Union About 70% of railroads were in the Union Strong leadership of Abraham Lincoln Strong navy

The Confederacy The South 11 slave states Very few factories Very few railroad tracks Less than half the population of the Union Much of the population were unhappy slaves Very skilled military leaders Basically no navy at all

Answer the following question! Which part of the country do you feel was more prepared for war? Use details from the previous slides to explain your answer and give examples to support your answer.

Union Strategy to win Anaconda plan (to strangle the south) 1. Blockade the Confederacy so they could not sell cotton or buy supplies from Europe 2. Capture Richmond, VA (the Capital) 3. Control the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy in half

Anaconda Plan

Confederate Strategy to win 1. Defend itself until the Union got tired of the war and allowed them to be independent 2. Try to get help from England or France Only sell them cotton if they helped to fight the Union

Confederate Strategy Guns and Soldiers Europe Confederacy Cotton

Evaluate: Which strategy do you think will be the most effective Evaluate: Which strategy do you think will be the most effective? Explain.

War Facts 3 million Americans fought in the war 2 million fought for the Union About 1 million fought for the Confederacy Union Soldiers wore Dark Blue Confederate Soldiers wore Gray

Union Soldiers

Confederate Soldiers

Susie King Taylor Was born a slave on the Grest Plantation in Liberty County, Georgia First African American to openly teach school to former slaves in Georgia. Also, the first Black Army Nurse for an all black troop called the First South Carolina Volunteers

Dorothea Dix Born in Hampden, Maine in 1802 During the Civil War, Dorothea was responsible for setting up field hospitals and first-aid stations, recruiting nurses, and managing supplies. Devoted most of her life to help improve the conditions of the mentally ill.

Pauline Cushman Born in in New Orleans in 1833. A stage actress who later became a Union spy. She followed confederate troops in Kentucky and Tennessee. She was caught when she was found with battle plans by a Confederate general. She had a military trial and was sentenced to death but Union troops invaded the area just three days before her scheduled hanging.

Clara Barton Born in Massachusetts in 1821. President Lincoln appointed her General Correspondent for the Friends of Paroled Prisoners. Because of her efforts, the American Red Cross was founded and she served as the first president.

Emancipation Proclamation January 1st, 1863 Lincoln declares that all slaves in Confederate states are now free Did not free slaves in the Union Border States Did allow blacks in the Union to join the army

Predict: 1. How do you think Northerners will react to the Emancipation Proclamation? Explain. 2. How do you think the Confederacy will react to it? Explain.

Reactions to the Emancipation Proclamation Abolitionists are happy, but also want slaves to be free in Border States Northerners now see the war as a fight to end slavery, not just to keep the country together (extra motivation to fight) 180,000 black soldiers join Union Army The Confederacy does not free their slaves Confederacy declares that any black soldiers captured will either be shot or put back into slavery

Using the notes from the previous slide, identify 2 ways the North and Confederacy reacted to the Emancipation.

The War Ends April 9th, 1865 the Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant This was at Appomattox Court House in Virginia The war lasted 4 years

Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant, ending the Civil War at Appomattox Court House

Appomattox Court House

Casualties Deadliest war in U.S. history More died from disease than in battle About 620,000 people died 360,000 Union soldiers died 260,000 Confederate soldiers died 535,000 were wounded in total

Casualties

Answer the following HOT Q’s 1. Why must it have been a difficult decision for free black men in the North to join the Union Army after the Emancipation Proclamation allowed them to do so? 2. How might NC be different today if The Confederacy had won the Civil War?