Chapter 16 The Civil War Begins ( )

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Chapter 16 The Civil War Begins (1861-1862)

Chapter 16 “The Civil War Begins 1861-1862” Section 1 “War Erupts” Main Idea: The secession of the Southern states quickly led to armed conflict between the North and the South. Terms and Names: 1. Fort Sumter 5. Anaconda Plan 2. Robert E. Lee 6. blockade 3. border state 7. First Battle of Bull Run 4. King Cotton

I. Who fired the first shots at Fort Sumter and why I. Who fired the first shots at Fort Sumter and why? And what was the result? A. Southerners decided to attack Fort Sumter, a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, on April 12, 1861 before Abraham Lincoln had a chance to resupply it. This officially begins the Civil War. B. Union Major Robert Anderson, commander of Fort Sumter, surrendered after 34 hours . No one was killed.

II. Why did Lincoln call out the militia? And what was the result? A. Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen (ordinary citizens, not professional soldiers) to put down the “uprising” in South Carolina. B. Several more Southern states joined the Confederacy. C. Citizens in both the North and the South were excited and hundreds rushed to enlist in the military. D. Robert E. Lee, a Union colonel from VA, resigns and joins the Confederate Army.

III. Who had to choose sides and which side did they choose? A. Both sides knew that the Border States (DE, MD, KY and MO) would play a key role in the outcome of the war because of their locations and resources. B. All Border States eventually chose the Union. C. In the end, 24 states made up the Union, and 11 joined the Confederacy.

IV. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Union vs IV. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Union vs. the Confederacy? South North 9 million people (3.5 million were enslaved) defensive war, i.e. fighting in their own backyards, giving them the home court advantage General Robert E. Lee more will to fight 22 million people 85% of the nation’s factories Twice as many miles of railroad track Almost all of the naval power and shipyards Abraham Lincoln

V. What was the Confederates’ strategy? A. Goal- to gain their independence from the U.S. B. Defensive strategy-fight to protect their home turf; drive Union soldiers back to the North C. withhold “King Cotton” from foreign markets hoping to force other countries to help them D. Offensive strategy-later, attack the North in order to break their spirit

VI. What was the Union’s strategy? A. Goal-get the southern states back into the Union B. Offensive strategy- the Anaconda Plan called for a naval blockade of the coastline, cutting off and controlling the Mississippi River, choking off the transportation of goods and people C. Attack the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA

VII. What was the goal of the Battle of Bull Run and what was its outcome? A. Trying to capture the South’s capital of Richmond, VA, Union forces faced Confederate soldiers at Manassas, VA on July 21, 1861. B. The Confederates won. C. Realizing that he had underestimated the South, Lincoln recalled the militia-men and replaced them with 500,000 real Union soldiers.