Forbush and GCRDs First rigorous experimental observation of Cosmic Ray Flux Decrease was obtained by S. E. Forbush in , after deep statisitcal.

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Presentation transcript:

GCR flux variations @ EEE

Forbush and GCRDs First rigorous experimental observation of Cosmic Ray Flux Decrease was obtained by S. E. Forbush in 1937-38, after deep statisitcal analysis of data from “precision cosmic ray meter, Cheltenham, Maryland” and after studies on barometric and temperature effects.

GCRD sources: Energetic events on Sun Corona Coronal Mass Ejections Ejection of particles from Sun Corona (protons, electrons) Particles are accelerated from 20 to 2000 km/s Average 400 km/s Accelerated by the heating of underlying sun layers, confined by magnetic field Etot ≈ 1023-24 J (Sun power P ≈ 4 1026 W) Rate of occurrence: 0.25 day-1 (solar minimum) 4 day-1 (solar maximum) Flares Sudden increase in brightness Occurring in Sun Corona a belt confined along sun equator by magnetic fields Lasting secs to hour Etot ≈ 1025 J (Sun power P ≈ 4 1026 W) Observable in visible x-ray Gamma-ray

Flare – CME connection Flares are believed to be the results of re-heating due to manetic lined reconnection after a CME. However Flares and CME are not always associated, even if this happens in case of the strongest events.

GCRDs occurs in interplanetary medium Shock wave driven by ejected particles Particles ejected Accelerated particles by shock wave Swept particles

Effects on Earth: two-step mechanism Initial particle increase may happen (only for strong CME, due to shock acceleration)

Neutron Monitors Complex phenomenon: Energy threshold effects e.g . on two-step mechanism Pioneer satellites

Magnetic field out of ecliptic Proton Temp Temp. decrease due to ejecta Wind particle density Bidirectional ion and proton flux Wind speed Forbush effect

GCRDs occurred since the beginning of coordinated data taking

The analysis and Forbush identification approach

Corrections and Forbush identification Uncorrected Corrected Statistical significance Uncorr/corr rate distr. Barometric correction

The observed events

GCRD: 2015 March – May, an active season

Forbush-Flares correlation

Flare of class M3.7 Flare of class M1.8

Latitude correlation search

ALTA-01 SAVO-02 CATZ-01 LAQU-02 TORI-04 BOLO-03