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Cellular Respiration

Vocab Cellular Respiration: breaking dwn glucose into energy Aerobic Respiration: resp that occurs with O2 Anaerobic Respiration: resp that occurs w/o O2 Pyruvate: 3 carbon sugar Glucose: 6 carbon sugar Glycolysis: glucose is broken dwn to two molecules of pyruvate

Aerobic Respiration Occurs in three stages Glycolysis Krebs's Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Can occur with or without oxygen Aerobic Respiration: resp that occurs with O2 Three Stages: Each stage involves a series of chem . rxns to prod. ATP for E Stages : Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain http://biocom.wikispaces.com/Photosynthesis+%26+Cell+Respiration

Glycolysis: First Stage Aerobic INPUT Location: Cytosol (outside/mitoch) Goal: Glucose: two molecules of pyruvate Glucose Begin: 6-C Sugar 2 ATP molecules trnsfr a phosphate to glucose Glucose: 2 molecules containing 3 carbons Rearrange C atoms: pyruvate. ATP and NADH are produced 2 molecules of pyruvate formed Pyruvate: 3 C-Sugar Pyruvate OUTPUT http://jasowers13.edublogs.org/2011/06/08/8-1-2-outline-the-process-of-glycolysis-including-phosphorylation-lysis-oxidation-and-atp-formation/ Diagram modified by: Tiffany Adams

Krebs Cycle : Stage Two Krebs Cycle INPUT Pyruvate CO2 NAD+ NADH C Pyruvate ADP 2ATP INPUT 2 molecules of pyruvate enter the mitochondria Each pyruvate is converted to a 2-C molecule Enzymes release CO2 from pyruvate NADH & ATP produced Two more ATP molecules Total ATP so far=6 Krebs Cycle OUTPUT Created by Tiffany Adams based on textbook Figure 7.11 page 324. BSCS Science: An Inquiry Approach. Colorado: Kendall Hunt, 2006

Electron Transport Chain Uses the NADH from previous stages NADH molecules carry the H atoms H separated: electrons & protons Electrons move from carrier to the next they release Energy Protons are pumped across the membrane drives ATP production Protons diffuse are pumped thru ATP synthase (creating the most ATP) End: electrons and protons join with O2 to form H2O (OUTPUT) 36 ATP PRODUCED http://biochemistryforlife.wikispaces.com/Respiration http://icanhasscience.com/fun-stuff/sour-patch-kids-are-full-of-protons/

Aerobic Respiration RECAP: Write this down Occurs in three stages: Must have Oxygen Glycolysis: glucose-pyruvate, 2 ATP Krebs's Cycle: pyruvate-CO2, 2 ATP ETC: NADH from previous stages, H2O -36 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration Glycolysis Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration: O2 NOT required Glucose: pyruvate and small amount of ATP ATP production ends glycolysis Pyruvate is converted into other molecules (fermentation) Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Fermentation/Lactate Net ATP =2 Citric acid cycle= Krebs cycle Net ATP=36 http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch09/anaerobic.html

Vocab Fermentation: a cell has a short supply of oxygen (a body is running at full speed away from a lion ) will not use anaerobic respiration but will start fermentation Fermentation extends glycolysis with extra reactions that replenish NAD+, Keeps glycolysis running producing small amounts of ATP.

Two Types of Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation happens in bacteria, fungi, and animal cells. an anaerobic fermentation reaction In activities that require high amount of glucose to be consumed by our muscles (exercise), energy is obtained from anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate and the by-product is lactate

Two Types of Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation When we exercise, the amount of lactate produced exceeds the rate at which the muscles can remove it leads to an uncomfortable, burning sensation in the muscles, especially those of the arms and legs, and is not responsible for the muscle soreness experienced by the person the day after. In fact, the burning sensation is just a warning sign that we are doing something that is a bit too hot to handle for our muscles. Lactate The terms "lactate" and "lactic acid" are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference: lactic acid is an acid, which means it can release a hydrogen ion and bind with a positively charged sodium or potassium ion to form an acid salt. lactate production is part of the way your muscles get fuel to keep working, and exercising at too high an intensity for too long will lead to the buildup of lactic acid, which will make your working muscles burn.

Two Types of Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation similar to lactic acid fermentation Instead of the pyruvate being reduced to lactate, it is reduced to ethanol, and lets off two molecules of CO2 along the way Used by: bacteria and yeast (yeast are fungi, btw). Humans "use" alcohol fermentation in another way, by using it to make bread, beer and wine.

Anaerobic Respiration No Oxygen Glycolysis extended Fermentation Only 2 ATP produced

Similarities and differences to anaerobic and aerobic respiration http://gottalovebio.wikispaces.com/H+Giavedoni

Biosynthesis ATP provides energy for biosynthesis reactions in cells Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more complex molecules from less-complex molecules Ex: starch from glucose Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and maintain their structure Definition provided by definition bing.com biological production of chemical substances: the synthesis of chemical substances as the result of biological activity

Finish the Big Squeeze Finish Part II – Analysis of Real World Data(on Athletes) You need to complete the table by: Converting to Time in seconds (s)– Careful! Time is listed in minutes and seconds from 800m on so they must first be converted entirely into seconds before you can do the following calculation……. Finish with calculating Pace from Distance and Time data (m/sec) Graph Data with all graphing requirements - what is the manipulated variable on x ? What is the dependent variable on y ? Answer remaining questions completely on your lab write up. DUE Monday at start of class!