Age of Exploration

Causes of Exploration The Crusades The Renaissance The Fall of Constantinople(Ottoman Empire)

The Crusades Major Effects: Opened trade between Europeans and Eastern Asia Hurt the relationship between Christians(Europeans) and Muslims(Western Asia)

Renaissance Renaissance was a period in which Europe was a rebirth of science, technology and education Started in Florence, Italy, Europe Improved technology Compass Astrolabe Better ships

Fall of Constantinople(Ottoman Empire) After the fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire gained power in the Middle East (took over from the former Byzantine Empire) Closed the silk road to European traders Raised prices of Asian goods, which led directly to Europeans seeking other ways to access Asia

Other Motivating Factors God, Glory and Gold God: some were seeking religious freedom or worked as Christian missionaries to Native Americans Glory: some wanted to build empires and become famous Gold: some were seeking gold and riches

Early Explorers Portugal leads the way! Prince Henry the Navigator(1394-1460) Believed exploration and conquest were key to Portuguese success Started the School of Navigation Taught inexperienced captains(including Columbus!) about the sea Refined and redrew maps of the world Designed the Caravel ship

1402- Korean World Map

1482

Columbus’ Map- 1490

1536

1570

Early Explorers Cont’d... Vasco de Gama(1460-1524) Discovered ocean route from Portugal to the east by going around the Cape of Good Hope(southern tip of Africa) Set up trade in India which eventually became a trade empire between Portugal and India

Early Explorers Cont’d... Ferdinand Magellan(1480-1521) First person to circumnavigate(travel completely around) the globe Trip lasted 3 years and successfully found the “spice islands” aka Indonesia Brought back cinnamon, nutmeg and allspice- worth much more than the trip itself Proved all waters in the world were connected

Magellan and Drake’s Routes Around the World

Other Explorers Christopher Columbus: “Discovered” the Americas Jacques Cartier: Claimed Canada for France Sir Walter Raleigh: Attempted to establish first colony in Roanoke Henry Hudson: Tried to find a water route across North America- claimed parts for the Netherlands Samuel de Champlain: Founded New France(present day Canada) Giovanni de Verrazzano: Mapped the coast of North America from the Carolinas to Newfoundland

Columbian Exchange A global transfer of goods, people and disease from the Old World to the New World.