Evaluation & Assessment Mechanical Forces & Muscle Injuries Evaluation & Assessment
Objectives Identify types of FORCES and their effect on the body. Relate the demands of exercise to injury.
Introduction To correctly evaluate an injury is to understand how the injury occurred AKA: Mechanism of Injury An injury sustained in a car crash would involve significantly more force than one sustained while descending the stairs. The extent of an injury to a muscle depends on the amount of force applied.
Question What was the cause of the injury? How severe was the injury? Think of a muscle injury that you have had in the past. What was the cause of the injury? How severe was the injury?
Mechanical Force Can we define “FORCE” What do we mean by “Mechanical Force?” something exerted on the body that can change its shape or motion (cause injury) There are 3 types of Mechanical Forces that cause injury
Mechanical Force Compression A force that crushes the tissue Result - contusion.
Mechanical Force Tension A force that stretches or pulls a tissue apart. Result Strain Sprain
Mechanical Force Shearing A force that moves across the parallel plane Result Sprain Strain
Identify the force On the following slides, read the injury mechanism described & identify the type of force that would produce an injury. Compression Tension Shearing
A collision occurs as a defensive lineman tackles a running back A collision occurs as a defensive lineman tackles a running back. The lineman’s helmet hit the running back’s forearm as he is brought to the ground. Compression
A wide receiver is hit over the lateral aspect of his knee & driven out of bounds by a defensive back. He complains of pain over the medial aspect of his knee. Shearing
A baseball player takes his lead-off from first and attempts to get back to the base when the pitcher throws over. He complains of pain in his right groin area from overstretching. Tension
A sprinter over strides coming out of the starting block A sprinter over strides coming out of the starting block. She stops and slowly walks off of the track to the infield complaining of pain & tightness in her hamstrings. Tension
A batter is hit in the low back as she turns away from an inside pitch… Compression
A volleyball player attempts to spike a ball but misses badly A volleyball player attempts to spike a ball but misses badly. She swings awkwardly & then complains of pain in her hitting shoulder. Tension
Muscle Injuries What type of injuries can happen to the muscle?
Muscle Cramp An involuntary muscle contraction Resulting in pain & inability to move. Caused by: Dehydration Lack of electrolytes (minerals).
Muscle Spasm An involuntary muscle contraction, resulting in pain & inability to move. Occurs as a result of trauma.
Acute Onset Muscle Soreness Muscle soreness during or shortly after physical activity. Caused by a build up of lactic acid. Resolves quickly.
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Muscle soreness which occurs 2 to 3 days after exertion. Caused by small tears in muscle fibers as a result of weightlifting or eccentric exercise. Resolves in 5 – 7 days.
Muscle Contusion An injury caused by an impact to the muscle which results in discoloration due to a disruption of circulation to the area.
Tendinitis Inflammation of a tendon.
Strain A stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon. Results in a 1st, 2nd or 3rd degree injury.
First Degree Strain Mild stretching of one or more muscles or tendons Results in Pain Mild swelling Minor loss of function.
Second Degree Strain A moderate tearing of muscle or tendon tissue Results in Pain moderate swelling ROM moderate loss of function.
A complete tearing of muscle or tendon tissue Third Degree Strain A complete tearing of muscle or tendon tissue Results in either severe or no pain or ROM moderate to severe swelling obvious deformity.
Closure Get out a sheet of paper… Explain in your own words: Give examples of A shearing injury A tension injury A compression injury Explain in your own words: 1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree injuries Put your name on it and turn in.