Signaling through FcRγ-associated receptors on dendritic cells drives IL-33–dependent TH2-type responses Melissa Y. Tjota, BA, Cara L. Hrusch, PhD, Kelly.

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Signaling through FcRγ-associated receptors on dendritic cells drives IL-33–dependent TH2-type responses Melissa Y. Tjota, BA, Cara L. Hrusch, PhD, Kelly M. Blaine, MS, Jesse W. Williams, PhD, Nora A. Barrett, MD, Anne I. Sperling, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 134, Issue 3, Pages 706-713.e8 (September 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013 Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 HDM-mediated inflammation is dependent on FcRγ but not FcγRIII. WT or FcγRIII−/− (A and B) and FcRγ+/− or FcRγ−/− (C and D) mice were sensitized on day 0 and challenged on day 7 with HDM. Fig 1, A and C, Airway inflammation was assessed on day 11 by determining eosinophil (left panel) and CD4+ T-cell (right panel) numbers in BAL fluid by using flow cytometry. Fig 1, B and D, Representative hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of lung tissue from treated mice. Black bars = 100 μm. Data represent means ± SEMs. Data are combined from at least 3 independent experiments, with a total of at least 9 mice analyzed per group. ***P < .001. ns, Not significant. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 HDM-mediated TH2-type responses are ST2 dependent. ST2+/− or ST2−/− mice were sensitized and challenged with HDM. A, Airway inflammation was assessed by determining eosinophil (left panel) and CD4+ T-cell (right panel) numbers in BAL fluid. B, Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)– and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)–stained sections of lung tissue from treated mice. Black bars = 100 μm. Data represent means ± SEMs. Data are combined from at least 2 independent experiments, with a total of at least 6 mice analyzed per group. **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Administration of IL-33 during the sensitization phase restores airway inflammation in FcRγ−/− mice. FcRγ−/− mice were sensitized with PBS, HDM, rIL-33, or HDM and rIL-33 on day 0. On day 7, all mice received an intratracheal challenge of HDM. A, Airway inflammation was assessed on day 11 by determining eosinophil (left panel) and CD4+ T-cell (right panel) numbers in BAL fluid. B, Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained sections of lung tissue from treated mice. Black bars = 100 μm. Data represent means ± SEMs. Data are combined from 3 independent experiments, with a total of at least 5 mice analyzed per group. *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 IL-33 upregulation in DCs is FcRγ and PI3K dependent. A and B, BMDCs were generated from WT, FcγRIII−/−, and FcRγ−/− mice (Fig 4, A) or Dectin-2−/− mice (Fig 4, B) and treated with OVA, ICs, or HDM overnight before assessing for IL33 mRNA expression normalized to β2-microglobulin mRNA (β2M) expression. C and D, IL-33 protein expression was determined in WT BMDCs stimulated with ICs (Fig 4, C) or HDM (Fig 4, D) and treated with PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002) or Syk inhibitor (piceatannol). Data represent means ± SEMs from 3 independent culture sets. *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001. ns, Not significant. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 FcRγ+/− DCs are sufficient to reconstitute HDM responses in FcRγ−/− mice. A, FcRγ+/− or FcRγ−/− BMDCs were generated and treated overnight with HDM before being instilled intratracheally into naive FcRγ−/− mice. On day 7, mice were challenged intratracheally with HDM before being killed on day 11. B, Airway inflammation was assessed by determining the number of eosinophils (left panel) and CD4+ T cells (right panel) in the BAL fluid. Representative hematoxylin and eosin sections of lung tissue from the treated mice are shown. Black bars = 100 μm. C, Representative flow plots of draining lymph node cells gated on CD3+CD4+ cells used to determine the percentage of CD44+CD62L−, CD44+CD62L+, and CD44−CD62L+ cells. D, Amount of cytokine in culture supernatants from HDM-restimulated mediastinal lymph node cells. Data represent means ± SEMs. Data are combined from 2 independent experiments, with a total of at least 8 mice analyzed per group. *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001. ns, Not significant. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 HDM-mediated TH2 inflammation requires both sensitization and challenge with HDM. WT mice were sensitized on day 0 with PBS or HDM and challenged on day 7 with PBS or HDM, as indicated. On day 11, the mice were killed. Airway inflammation was assessed by determining eosinophil (left panel) and CD4+ T-cell (right panel) numbers in BAL fluid by means of flow cytometry. Data represent means ± SEMs. ***P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 Analysis of activation markers on BMDCs. A, WT BMDCs were untreated (red) or treated with OVA (blue), OVA-IC (green), or HDM (orange) overnight. Expression of MHC class II and CD86 were assessed on CD11c+CD11b+ cells. B, WT or FcRγ−/− BMDCs were treated overnight with HDM, and expression levels of MHC class II, CD86, and CD40 were assessed on CD11c+CD11b+ cells. Fluorescence minus one values (red) are shown compared with those in the HDM-treated groups (blue). Data are representative of 3 independent culture sets. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E3 HDM-induced IL-33 upregulation in BMDCs is TLR4 dependent. BMDCs were generated from WT and TLR4−/− mice and treated with OVA or HDM overnight before assessing for IL33 mRNA expression normalized to β2-microglobulin mRNA (β2M) expression. Data represent means ± SEMs from at least 3 independent culture sets. **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E4 HDM-mediated TH2 inflammation is dependent on T cells. A, WT or Rag−/− mice were sensitized and challenged with HDM. B, Naive Rag−/− mice received vehicle control or nylon wool–nonadherent T cells intravenously 2 days before being sensitized and challenged with HDM. Airway inflammation was assessed by determining total cell (left panel) and eosinophil (right panel) numbers in BAL fluid. Data represent means ± SEMs. **P < .01 and ***P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E5 IC-mediated TH2 inflammation is antigen specific. α-OVA or α-BSA serum was administered intravenously to naive mice. On day 1, mice were challenged intratracheally with OVA or BSA, as indicated in the graphs under antigen (Ag). On days 8, 9, and 10, mice that received α-OVA were challenged with OVA, and mice that received α-BSA were challenged with BSA. On day 11, the mice were killed. A, Airway inflammation was assessed by determining eosinophil (left panel) and CD4+ T-cell (right panel) numbers in lungs by using flow cytometry. B, Representative hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of lung tissue from treated mice. Black bars = 100 μm. Data represent means ± SEMs. *P < .05. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 706-713.e8DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.013) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions