CERAMICS Structure and Properties of Ceramics Traditional Ceramics New Ceramics Glass John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Alumina ceramic components (photo courtesy of Insaco Inc.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Ceramic Defined Inorganic compound consisting of metal (or semi‑metal) one or more nonmetals Silica - silicon dioxide (SiO2) main ingredient in most glass products Alumina - aluminum oxide (Al2O3) abrasives to artificial bones Hydrous aluminum silicate (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) clay products John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Properties of Ceramic Materials High hardness Electrical and thermal insulating Chemical stability High melting temperatures Brittle, virtually no ductility problems in processing Problems in perfromance Some ceramics are translucent window glass (based on silica) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Ceramic Products Construction bricks clay pipe Refractory ceramics furnace walls crucibles molds Cement used in concrete Whiteware products pottery John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Ceramic Products (continued) Glass bottles Glass fibers reinforced plastics (fiberglass) Abrasives aluminum oxide in grinding wheels silicon carbide in grinding wheels Cutting tool materials tungsten carbide aluminum oxide cubic boron nitride John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Categories of Ceramics Traditional ceramics clay products New ceramics oxides, carbides, etc. better mechanical or physical properties Glasses based on silica noncrystalline structure John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Synthetically produced diamond powders (photo courtesy of GE Superabrasives, General Electric Company). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

Strength Properties of Ceramics strong covalent and ionic bonding Metals weaker metallic bonding bonding allows for slip metals deform plastically Bonding in ceramics more rigid does not permit slip under stress difficult to absorb stresses John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

New Ceramics Stronger in compression than in tension Developed synthetically Oxide ceramic alumina Al2O3 cutting tool inserts spark plug barrels Carbide ceramic silicon carbide (SiC) tungsten carbide (WC) titanium carbide (TiC) Nitrides John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

SME Video John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

In-class example Tooling Specialists What is the resistance R of a length of copper wire whose length = 10 m and whose diameter = 0.10 mm? John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing

ASSIGNMENT – STUDENT MUST SHOW SOLUTION TO PROFESSOR DURING LAB PERIOD A 16 gage nickel wire (0.0508 inch diameter) connects a solenoid to a control circuit that is 32.8 ft away. (a) What is the resistance of the wire? r = 2.7 x 10-6 Ω∙in John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing