Scientific Laws and Theories

Scientific Laws describe observed pattern in nature Do not attempt to explain the observed patterns Simple , facts Can be mathematical equation Example: Law of Superposition – Oldest rocks on the bottom and youngest on top

Scientific Theories Write the description of the Theory or draw the pictures The following is a list of scientific discoveries. Some have been used by scientists to support this theory, while others have no relevance. Your job is to evaluate this list and determine the four most critical scientific discoveries to support the theory like a scientists has to do.

Plate Tectonics the lithosphere, is broken into plates that move over the molten magma Heat from the core rises and causes convection currents in the Earth’s mantle which move the plates Never been able to study depths further than 7 miles into the Earth’s crust Gathered evidence by seismic waves from Earthquakes and rock samples Convergent boundaries – move towards each other Divergent Boundaries – move away from each other Transform boundaries – slide past each other

Plate Tectonic Theory Evidence (chose 4) Write down the Number – DO NOT WRITE OUT THE STATEMENT Penguins are only found in the Southern Hemisphere The shapes of continents look like they are separated pieces of a jigsaw puzzle Rocks from around the world are different ages There are large areas of lava upwelling that form mid-ocean ridges The density of Earth’s layers increase as you get closer to the core Tropical fossils are found in Antarctica Rivers deposit sediments that form deltas at their mouths as the flowing water meets slow moving waters Some parts of the ocean floor, the sediments, are much thinner than they should be if the ocean floor is billions of years old Some volcanoes are more active than other volcanoes

The Cell Theory describes the basic properties of all cells. The three parts of the cell theory : All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. Cells come from preexisting cells. the basic structure of all known life on Earth can be described by this theory.

The Cell Theory Evidence Write down the Numbers – DO NOT WRITE OUT THE STATEMENT Flies appear in areas where there is spoiled, uncooked meat All recognized organisms on Earth are composed of cells All organisms need energy to survive but obtain this energy in different ways Matter that is not alive or was never alive does not appear to have cells Offspring will resemble their parents Cells come in many different forms with sometimes very different organelles If the organelles of cells are separated from each other, they will not be able to sustain life on its own

Scientific Theory Both Scientific Law Explains a natural phenomenon Widely accepted by science community Describes natural phenomenon Simple Multiple hypothesis tested to prove Complex Based on many investigations Based on empirical evidence Changed / revised with new evidence

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