Chapter 22 APUSH Mrs. Price Don’t let the best you have done so far be the standard for the rest of your life.” Gustavus Swift

Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Sec. of Navy Rough Rider Becomes president after assassination of McKinley

Roosevelt & Big Business Believed govt should have power to investigate corps & break up trusts if they were harmful to US economy Northern Securities CO: railroad monopoly Roosevelt went after Coal Strike (1902): Roosevelt threatens govt takeover to force federal arbitration

Roosevelt’s Presidency Square Deal (1904 Campaign) 1. Hepburn Act (1906) 2. Pure Food & Drug Act 3. Meat Inspection Act

Conservation Roosevelt was concerned about unregulated exploitation of natural resources Added million of acres to national forest system Believed in managed development National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act) 1902

Preservation Added to National Park system Hetch Hetchy controversy

Panic of 1907 Recession Too much production for markets Poor financial management

William Howard Taft Roosevelt’s successor Elected in 1908 over William Jennings Bryan

Taft’s Presidency Payne-Aldrich Tariff - disappointment to Progressives Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute - angers Progressives & Roosevelt

1912 Election Candidates: 1. Rep: Taft 2. Dem: Woodrow Wilson 3. Progressive: T. Roosevelt 4. Socialist: Debs Taft & Roosevelt split vote; Wilson wins

Woodrow Wilson President of Princeton & governor of NJ Firm control over cabinet Created coalition in Congress to support his policies

Wilson’s Presidency Underwood-Simmons Tariff: lowered tariff 16th Amendment: Graduated income tax Federal Reserve Act (1913): reformed banking system Federal Trade Commission (1914): agency to investigate unfair business practices Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

Post-midterm election Reforms Louis Brandeis to Supreme Court Workers’ comp for federal employees Credit for farmers Keating-Owen Act (1916): regulated child labor

Foreign Policy: Roosevelt Activist Civilized vs. Uncivilized nations Peace Conference in Portsmouth, NH Venezuelan debt conflict Roosevelt Corollary Construction of Panama Canal

TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904) Panama Canal TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

Foreign Policy: Taft Worked to advance US economic interests overseas Dollar Diplomacy US intervention in Nicaragua Revolution

Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” Improve financial opportunities for American businesses. Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

Foreign Policy: Wilson US established military govt in Dominican Republic Bought Virgin Islands from Denmark Treaty with Nicaragua giving US right to intervene to protect American interests Incident with Mexico (Veracruz & Pancho Villa)

The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Emiliano Zapata Pancho Villa Venustiano Carranza Porfirio Diaz Francisco I Madero

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” The U. S. should be the conscience of the world. Spread democracy. Promote peace. Condemn colonialism.