Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization

Two Theories Creationism - the belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe were created in their original form by a deity or deities (often the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam), whose existence is presupposed. Evolution – the theory that all humans evolved from tiny microscopic organisms. Scopes Monkey Trial

Section 1: Understanding Our Past Historians – study and write about the historical past Artifacts – objects made by humans

The Study of Prehistory What is Prehistory? Archeologists- Artifacts Anthropologists- Culture Geologists- Fossils Carbon 14 Dating – Willard Libby

Discoveries in Africa and Beyond Mary and Louis Leaky Olduvai Gorge Technology Donald Johanson Lucy Early Hominid Groups Australopithecines Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Homo Sapiens

Section 2: The New Stone Age Agricultural Revolution Large game dies out Food shortages, the development of farming Animal domestication Growth of villages Division of Labor Artisans Trade – exchange of goods and services Catal Huyuk -

Section 3: River Valley Civilizations New Technology Harnessing power Domestic inventions Metalworking Bronze Age 5 characteristics of Civilization 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Section 3: River Valley Civilizations

Birth Places of Civilizations Mesopotamia Egypt India China Commonalities – all located on or near rivers Why?

The Formation of Classes Religion Theocracies The Formation of Classes Effects of division of labor Social class – Ruler, Priests and Nobles, Merchants – Traders – Low government officials, Artisans and Shopkeepers, Unskilled laborers and farmers Largest class – Systems of writing