(a) Sea surface temperature from a satellite advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) instrument (Otis Brown, personal communication, 2009). This figure can also be found in the color insert. TALLEY Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved FIGURE 1.1a

(b) Franklin-Folger map of the Gulf Stream (b) Franklin-Folger map of the Gulf Stream. Source: From Richardson (1980a). TALLEY Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved FIGURE 1.1b

Time and space scales of physical oceanographic phenomena from bubbles and capillary waves to changes in ocean circulation associated with Earth’s orbit variations. TALLEY Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved FIGURE 1.2