UNDERACHIEVER Chapter 13 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Presented by Darlene Hickman
DEFINITION A discrepancy between school performance and some index of actual ability 1.Test scores 2. IQ scores 3. Achievement test scores 4. Creativity test scores 5. Observation
Characteristics Low self-esteem Defensive avoidance Deficiencies: 1. Skills 2. Study habits 3. Peer acceptance 4. School concentration 5.Discipline
Causes Family Dynamics Identification and modeling Manipulative rituals Counteridentification
Causes cont. School Dynamics Climate Inflexible classrooms Competitive classrooms Negative expectations Unrewarding curriculum Unmatched efforts and outcomes
Reversing Underachievement Underachievement is learned
Underachievement can be unlearned!
Reversing Six Steps Assessment Communication Changing Expectations Role Model Identification Correction of Deficiencies Modifications of Reinforcements