Cell Processes cellular respiration and photosynthesis as they relate to the overall functioning of the cell

The CELL must undergo certain processes in order to ensure the survival of the organism as a whole.

Photosynthesis Plants use light energy (sunlight) to combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make simple sugars (C6H12O6)

Why is this important to us? We cannot make our own food (glucose or energy) we must get our food from plants. Plants are the first step in the food chain. THEY ARE KNOWN AS AUTOTROPHS Auto means self – troph means feeder

What is all this “food” (better known as glucose) used for? It can be used by the plant to make energy in the mitochondria It can be stored by the plants in vacuoles It can be eaten by a consumer (heterotroph – hetero means other/trophs means to feed

What happens during photosynthesis? Chloroplasts in plant cells capture light energy and use that energy to make glucose or “food” Oxygen gas is also released as a by-product in this reaction

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration ALL organisms break down simple sugars (C6H12O6) for the energy they contain – occurs in the mitochondria

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O +ATP Sugar is broken down into Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) The Chemical Formula looks like this: C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O +ATP Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + water + energy Or in English…….

What’s this energy for? To build new cell parts To repair cell parts To reproduce cells

Where does it happen? Cellular Respiration occurs in the mitochondria!!!

factors that affect cell structures and processes; cell processes: movement of materials: diffusion, osmosis, active transport, secretion cell respiration and photosynthesis as they relate to the overall functioning of the cell (detail of the stages in the processes is not required) enzyme activity and DNA replication; factors that affect cell structures and processes;

Fermentation – anerobic Provides energy for cells without using oxygen Less energy released than through cellular respiration Ex: single-celled organisms that live deep in the ocean or in the mud

One type of fermentation is known as Alcoholic Fermentation Occurs in yeast and some single celled organisms Alcohol is one of the products made when these organisms break down sugars Also produces carbon dioxide and small amount of energy

Ex: Used by bakers and brewers Carbon dioxide produced by yeast causes dough to rise and creates air pockets you see in bread Source of bubbles in alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine

Another type of fermentation is known as Lactic-Acid Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi (yeast), some bacteria like the Lactobacillus acidophilus. in yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles. Normally our muscles do cellular respiration; however, when oxygen is used up faster than it could be replaced it switches to Lactic Acid.

Lactic Acid Continued Ex: running fast and your legs became tired. Lactic Acid builds up causing weak, tired, or sore muscles. Once our muscles form lactic acid, they can’t do anything else with it, so until it is gradually washed away by the blood stream and carried to the liver (which is able to get rid of it).