HIV/AID and STD’s Unit 5

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) WHAT IS IT? Weakens immune system Destroys important cells that fight disease CD4 Cells or T cells No cure-but it can be controlled AIDS is the last stage of HIV People at High Risk Men who have sex with men Drug Injection Users Heterosexuals (Everyone)

3 Stages of HIV Stage 1: Acute HIV infection 2-4 weeks flu-like illness May not feel sick right away Need to get tested Stage 2: Clinical Latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy) May not get sick or have symptoms Taking ART-can prolong this stage Still contagious Stage 3: AIDS Most severe stage Without treatment-live about 3 years Diagnosed when CD4 cells are below 200 cells/mm (normal 500- 1500)

Transmitting HIV Sexual Contact Sharing Needles Can be Transmitted CANNOT be Transmitted Sexual Contact Sharing Needles Mother to Baby- during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. Air or Water Saliva, Sweat, Tears or Closed mouth kissing Insects or Pets Sharing Toilets food or Drinks

Protect Yourself Get tested if you are at risk Use condoms the right way every time you have sex Choose activities with little or no risk-oral sex Limit your number of sex partners Don’t inject drugs or share needles Get tested and treated for HIV and other STD’s

Treatment No cure Medicine-antiretroviral therapy (ART). Taken everyday can prolong the lives of people infected with HIV If treated immediately a person with HIV can live nearly as long as someone who does not have the disease Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) Daily medicine that can reduce risk of getting HIV Can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading in the body. PrEP

The Facts HIV and AIDS remain a persistent problem for the United States In 2014-37,600 new HIV infections Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men have greatest risk 26,200 out of 37,600 1.1 million people living with HIV (2015)

Sexually Transmitted Disease An infection transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites Very Common Some people don’t have symptoms Can be dangerous Most can be treated Pubic Lice Scabies Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) Genital Herpes Chlamydia Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Syphilis Genital Warts Hepatitis B Molluscum Contagiosum Trichomoaniasis (Trich)

Human Papilomavirus (HPV)- What is it? Most common sexually transmitted infection Many different types of HPV Some cause genital warts and cancers Almost everyone who has sex gets HPV at some point in their lives. Two types of HPV (type 6 & 11) cause most cases of genital warts and cancer Warts are low-risk HPV

HPV-How is it Spread? Having vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has the virus. Can spread with skin to skin contact (no sex) Can be passed even when an infected person has no symptoms

HPV-Symptoms Most people don’t have symptoms or health problems Genital warts Small bumps Large Raised Shaped like cauliflower Flat Cancer High-risk HPV- No symptoms Low-risk HPV-warts

HPV-Treatment No cure Usually goes away on its own Most people never know they have HPV Most of the time your body can fight off the disease Women can get tested with a Pap test **Even if you don’t have symptoms you can still pass HPV to partner**

HPV-Prevent Get vaccinated No sex Use Condoms Dental Dams All boys and girls 11-12 No sex Use Condoms Dental Dams Get checked regularly

Human Papilomavirus (HPV)-Review Extremely Common Usually Harmless Can lead to cancer and genital warts Goes away by itself More than 100 types No cure Have vaccines Condoms and dental dams don’t offer protection Transmitted through skin to skin contact. Even if you don’t have sex it can be transmitted Most people don’t know they have it. Pap test will detect if you have it

Herpes Infects Mouth and/or genitals Blistery sores No Cure Symptoms are treatable Stays in your body for life

Herpes A common virus that causes sores on your genitals and/or mouth. They can be painful Usually does not lead to a serious health problem

Herpes- How does is Spread Through vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has the disease Saliva Skin You can get it from someone who does not have a visible sore or may not know he/she is infected. Kissing Spreads easy and quickly

Herpes-How does it Spread? It can live in your body for years without causing any symptoms Sneaky infection You cannot get from (Dies in air) Toilet seats Bedding Swimming pools Touching items around (silverware, soap or towels) Sneezing Hugging Holding hands

Herpes- Treatment No cure for Herpes Medications-help outbreaks (shorter, less painful) If you have an outbreak Taking a warm bath Keeping you genital area dry Wear soft lose clothing Put ice on outbreak Taking a pain reliever (aspirin, ibuprofen)

Herpes-Prevent Use condoms Dental dams Don’t have sex Herpes can live on areas of your body that aren’t protected by condoms Condoms won’t always always protects you from herpes. Can lower your chances of getting herpes

Herpes-Review Common virus that causes sores Can be painful Spread quickly and easily No cure They can be passed even if no symptoms are shown Only want to prevent is not to have sex ALWAYS USE A CONDOM ALWAYS

Chlamydia-What is it? Common STD that can infect men and women Bacterial infection If left untreated, it can make it difficult for women to get pregnant Close to 3 million Americans get it every year Most common 14-24-year-olds Most people don’t show any symptoms

Chlamydia-How does is Spread? Having Vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has chlamydia Can get if even if male does not ejaculate If you had it in the past and were not treated, you can still get infected If you are pregnant you can give it to your baby during childbirth

Chlamydia-Symptoms Chlamydia usually has no symptoms Can lead to serious infections or even infertility if not treated Pain or burning while peeing Pain during sex Lower stomach pain Abnormal vaginal discharge (yellowish, strong smell) Bleeding between periods Pus or a watery/milky discharge from the penis Swollen or tender testicles Pain, discharge and/or bleeding around the anus

Chlamydia-Review Very common STD Caused by bacterial infection Often no symptoms Easy to treat Can lead to major health problems if not treated Only sure way to prevent is not to have sex USE CONDOMS

Gonorrhea-What is it? Common bacterial infection Most people don’t show symptoms Common for people ages 15-24 years. Called “the clap” or “the drip” It can infect your penis, vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, throat (eyes- rare) If not treated can cause serious health problems

Gonorrhea-How does it Spread? Having vaginal, anal or oral sex It is carried in the semen, pre-semen and vaginal fluids You can get gonorrhea by touching your eye if you have infected fluids on your hand Can be spread to baby during birth Can’t get it through casual contact (sharing food, drinks, kissing hugging, holding hands, coughing, sneezing, toilet seats)

Gonorrhea-Symptoms Most people don’t have any symptoms Show up a week after being infected Women Pain or burning feeling when you pee Abnormal discharge from vagina Bleeding between periods Men Yellow, white or green discharge from penis Pain or burning feeling when you pee Pain or swelling in your testicles Can infect anus if you have anal sex Itching in or around anus Discharge from your anus Pain when you go to bathroom

The correct way to use a male condom Use it EVERY time you have sex Put it on BEFORE having sex Read the package for expiration date Check for tears or defects Store in cool, dry place Use latex or polyurethane condoms Use water based or silicone-based lubricant to prevent breakage.