Intro to Statistics Chapter 2: Data.

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Presentation transcript:

Intro to Statistics Chapter 2: Data

What is data? da·ta noun 1. a plural of datum. 2. ( used with a plural verb ) individual facts, statistics, or items of information: These data represent the results of our analyses. Data are entered by terminal for immediate processing by the computer. 3. ( used with a singular verb ) a body of facts; information: Additional data is available from the president of the firm. From dictionary.com: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/data

Information Age, data all around us What types of data do you encounter?

Data Sports results/statistics Store inventory/sales records Class schedule and grades Medical measurements/test results Personal information Resume/Job history

Who and What of Data Each row in the table represents one set of data Each column represents the individual characteristics being recorded or measured What Student ID Semester Year # credits GPA 900003456 Fall 2010 12 3.1 900001432 Spring 9 2.6 900001357 Summer I 2011 3 4.0 Who

Data: Categorical vs. Quantitative Data can generally be classified as one of these 2 types Quantitative: measurement, with units Categorical: labels, categories Numbers don’t always mean data is quantitative!

Quantitative Data Measurements: Scores: Statistics Age Dollar Amounts: Heights, weights, distances, times, rates, … Scores: Tests, ratings, competitions, … Statistics Sports, specifications, … Age Dollar Amounts: Incomes, sales, prices, …

Categorical Data Any values that are words are generally categorical Categorical Data involving numbers:

Categorical Data Any values that are words are generally categorical Categorical Data involving numbers: Phone numbers Zip Codes Student ID numbers Think about whether or not there are units Do the values have numeric significance?