Levels of Consciousness Preconscious Awareness Unconscious Levels below awareness Comatose Lack normal cycles of sleep and wakefulness

STAGES OF THE SLEEP CYCLE Slower (theta) activity Fast brain (beta) waves similar to the waking state REM Fast beta waves Rapid eye movements Lasts about 10 minutes STAGE 2 Slower activity Short bursts of fast activity signalling end of Stage 1 STAGE 4 Begins 30 minutes after sleep onset Deepest point in sleep cycle STAGE 3 Heart rate slows down Breathing slows down Brain waves slow down Delta waves appear

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS STIMULANTS DRUG MEDICAL USES COMMON EFFECTS Morphine Painkiller, cough suppressant Euphoria, tranquility, drowsiness Heroin No medical uses in the U.S. Euphoria, drowsiness (more powerful than morphine) Codeine Euphoria, drowsiness, “silliness” Methadone Treatment of heroin addiction Slow action prevents heroin craving Mescaline None Hallucinations, sensuality, similar to LSC but fewer reported emotional responses Psilocybin Well-being, perceptual distortions (less emotionally intense than LSD) LSD Hallucinations, emotional reactions PCP Veterinary Anesthetic Body image distortions, amnesia, unpredictable emotional reactions, dissociation Cannabis Reduces nausea from chemotherapy, reduces pressure in the eye Euphoria, time distortion, intesified sensory experience Barbiturates Sedative, sleep, anticonvulsant, anesthetic Relaxation, sedation, euphoria Benzodiazepines Antianxiety, sleep, anticonvulsant, sedative Stress and anxiety reduction Rohypnol None in the U.S. Same as other benzodiazepines but longer lasting, amnesia Alcohol Antiseptic Relaxation, well-being, cognitive and motor impairment Amphetamines Weight control, ADHD, coutneract anesthesia Confidence, mental energy, alertness, hallucinations Methamphetamine Same as other amphetamines but more intense MDMA (ecstasy) Euphoria, hot flashes, perceptual distortions, excitement Cocaine Local anesthetic Same as other amphetamines, sexual arousal, dramatic mood changes as effects wear off Nicotine Gum, path for cessation of smoking Stimulant effect, relaxation, concentration, reduces nicotine craving Caffeine Weight control, stimulant in acute respiratory failure, analgesia Stimulant effect, increased alertness and concetration OPIATES HALLUCINOGENS DEPRESSANTS STIMULANTS

DEPRESSANTS/ ANTIANXIETY PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS DRUG MEDICAL USES COMMON EFFECTS Morphine Painkiller, cough suppressant Euphoria, tranquility, drowsiness Heroin No medical uses in the U.S. Euphoria, drowsiness (more powerful than morphine) Codeine Euphoria, drowsiness, “silliness” Methadone Treatment of heroin addiction Slow action prevents heroin craving Mescaline None Hallucinations, sensuality, similar to LSC but fewer reported emotional responses Psilocybin Well-being, perceptual distortions (less emotionally intense than LSD) LSD Hallucinations, emotional reactions PCP Veterinary Anesthetic Body image distortions, amnesia, unpredictable emotional reactions, dissociation Cannabis Reduces nausea from chemotherapy, reduces pressure in the eye Euphoria, time distortion, intesified sensory experience Barbiturates Sedative, sleep, anticonvulsant, anesthetic Relaxation, sedation, euphoria Benzodiazepines Antianxiety, sleep, anticonvulsant, sedative Stress and anxiety reduction Rohypnol None in the U.S. Same as other benzodiazepines but longer lasting, amnesia Alcohol Antiseptic Relaxation, well-being, cognitive and motor impairment Amphetamines Weight control, ADHD, coutneract anesthesia Confidence, mental energy, alertness, hallucinations Methamphetamine Same as other amphetamines but more intense MDMA (ecstasy) Euphoria, hot flashes, perceptual distortions, excitement Cocaine Local anesthetic Same as other amphetamines, sexual arousal, dramatic mood changes as effects wear off Nicotine Gum, path for cessation of smoking Stimulant effect, relaxation, concentration, reduces nicotine craving Caffeine Weight control, stimulant in acute respiratory failure, analgesia Stimulant effect, increased alertness and concetration OPIATES STIMULANTS HALLUCINOGENS DEPRESSANTS/ ANTIANXIETY STIMULANTS

WEBSITES TOPIC 1 Sleep Disorders http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2yfUL8uct0 Dream Interpretation Quiz http://quiz.ivillage.com/health/tests/dreams.htm Circadian Genes (Sleep Disorder) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17L5S7Kk7Cc TOPIC 2 How the Body Works: Affects of Drugs on the Consciousness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Xbfy5uEBBI&NR=1 How the Body Works: Altered States http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdQEyDDcRu8&feature=related FOR EMOTIONS: