SPAG ReVISION All you need to know!

NOUNS Objects, places, things, names Proper nouns – capital letters, names Abstract nouns – you can’t pick them up examples: kindness, friendship, responsibility Collective nouns – groups of objects/animals

EXPANDED NOUN PHRASES Words and phrases which describe the noun Include ADJECTIVES – e.g. the ugly, old witch Include ADJECTIVAL PHRASES which describe the noun e.g. the ugly, old witch with the broomstick So the EXPANDED NOUN PHRASE is all of the description of the noun

PRONOUNS I, you, he/she/it, we, they my, our, your, him/her, us, them, their mine, ours, yours, his/hers/its, theirs myself, him/herself/itself, yourself ourselves, yourselves, themselves Relative pronouns – WHO, WHICH, WHOSE, WHEN, WHERE, THAT

VERBS Actions, doing words Remember the verb ‘to be’ I am, you are, she/he is, we are, they are Perfect / Imperfect use the word has or have plus the past participle e.g. has/had been e.g. has/had swum

TYPES OF VERBS INFINITIVE verbs – to then the verb e.g. to run IMPERATIVE verbs – commands start with imperative verbs e.g. Do the… Shut the… Shut the… MODAL verbs – indicate possibility rather than certainty can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, will, would, ought to SUBJECTIVE form – FORMAL – requires that, requests that, claims that, essential that

VERB PHRASES Words and phrases which describe the verb Include ADVERBS – e.g. the boy ran quickly Include ADVERBIAL PHRASES which describe the verb e.g. the boy ran quickly down the street So the VERB PHRASE is all of the description of the verb

VERB TENSES CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE – is/was swimming FUTURE TENSE – uses will e.g. simple – I will swim e.g. continuous – I will be swimming e.g. perfect – I will have swum

ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE ACTIVE – the subject does the action directly e.g. Jamal ate the banana PASSIVE – the subject has the action done to it e.g. The banana was eaten by Jamal. Look for the word ‘by’ or ‘was’ in the PASSIVE. e.g. The lady was chased down the street. Subject Verb Object Object Verb Subject

PHRASE or CLAUSE? PHRASE – a group of words which make sense together but do not have a subject and a verb e.g. the spooky, dark forest with a cheeky grin CLAUSE – a group of words which make sense together and do have a subject and a verb e.g. which he had already seen SENTENCE – a complete thought which makes sense on its own with a subject and a verb. STANDS ALONE.

MAIN OR SUBORDINATE? MAIN CLAUSE – Makes sense on its own entirely There can be two main clauses and no subord clause e.g. The dog ran to the park and the cat ate its dinner. SUBORDINATE CLAUSE – Does not make sense on its own – relies on the main clause While he was eating his dinner, Jonas watched TV. Subordinate clause Main clause

CONJUNCTIONS CO ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS – join two main clauses together SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS – the first word of a subordinate clause e.g. While eating his dinner, …

The POSITION word time, location or movement PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE – the starts with preposition and ends with a noun e.g. under the table e.g. along the road e.g. during the night

DETERMINERS The word before the noun – find them all!!!! his dinner the animal some sweets two lions first lesson my books any time those footballers DEFINITE ARTICLE INDEFINITE ARTICLES

I or me? Put your hand over the other person. Which makes sense ‘I’ or ‘me’?

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH CAN ALSO BE CALLED ‘REPORTED’ SPEECH e.g. Mrs Ross claimed that she was the best headteacher in the world. (INDIRECT SPEECH)

punctuation

READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY! I know you will be great! READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY!