Meiosis Science 9.

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Meiosis is a special form of cell division.

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Presentation transcript:

Meiosis Science 9

Chromosomes How many chromosomes do we have? How many come from mom? How many come from dad?

Chromosomes The 46 human chromosomes can be broken down into 23 pairs One half of each pair comes from your mother and the other half comes from your father Homologous pairs: A pair of chromosomes containing a maternal and paternal chromatid joined together at the centromere

Chromosomes Diploids Haploids A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes Haploids Have a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Chromosomes Gametes Male or female haploid cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a diploid zygote

Meiosis What does mitosis do? Meiosis: Cell growth maintaining number of chromosomes Meiosis: The process that ensures each gamete contains only one-half set of chromosomes Ensures each gamete has a different combination of the chromosomes that were present before meiosis

Stages of Meiosis Prophase 1 Crossing-over: Each Chromosome duplicates and remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids. Crossing-over can occur during the latter part of this stage. Crossing-over: The exchange of genetic information between homologous pairs

Stages of Meiosis

Stages of Meiosis Metaphase 1: Homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.

Stages of Meiosis Anaphase 1 Homologous pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together

Stages of Meiosis Telophase 1 Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pair.

Stages of Meiosis Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate

Stages of Meiosis Metaphase 2: Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.

Stages of Meiosis Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate separately to each pole.

Stages of Meiosis Telophase 2: Cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells are obtained.

Formation of Gametes Gametes are produced in the reproductive organs Male gametes, called sperm, are produced in testes Female gametes, called eggs, are produced in ovaries

Formation of Gametes

Formation of Gametes

Meiosis Video- Crash Course Meiosis